Affiliations: [a]
Department of Neurology, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| [b]
Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| [c]
Department of Neurology, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| [d]
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| [e]
Department of Neurology, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| [f]
Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
Correspondence:
[*]
Correspondence to: Jin-Sun Jun, MD, Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Neurology, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, 1 Singil-ro, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul, 07441, Korea. Tel.: +82 2 829 5125; Fax: +82 2 847 1617; E-mail: junjs@hallym.or.kr.
Abstract: Background/Objective: To compare the longitudinal trajectories of cognition according to the presence of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ɛ4 allele in male and female Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients. Methods:This study included a total of 361 patients with recently diagnosed de novo PD (mean age [standard deviation], 61.4 [9.8] years). The patients were classified into the following groups: APOE ɛ4 + /M (n = 65), APOE ɛ4-/M (n = 173), APOE ɛ4 + /F (n = 25), and APOE ɛ4-/F (n = 98). Cognitive decline was assessed annually over 5 years of follow-up using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). To assess the sex-specific impacts of the APOE ɛ4 status on cognitive decline, we used generalized linear mixed effects (GLME) models separately for men, women, and the two sexes combined. Results: In the sex-stratified GLME models adjusted for covariates, the interaction results showed that the males with APOE ɛ4 had a steeper rate of cognitive decline than those without APOE ɛ4. In contrast, there was no significant interaction between APOE ɛ4 and time on longitudinal MoCA performance in the females. The main effect of APOE ɛ4 on the change in the MoCA score was not significant for either men or women. When the data from both men and women were used, the APOE ɛ4 + /M group exhibited a steeper rate of cognitive decline than did the APOE ɛ4 + /F and APOE ɛ4-/F groups. These results were consistent with those of sensitivity analyses. Conclusion: Sex may be considered when APOE ɛ4-related vulnerability to early cognitive decline is evaluated in PD patients.
Keywords: APOE
, apolipoprotein, cognition, Parkinson’s disease, sex
