Affiliations: [a]
Institute of Behavioral Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| [b]
Department of Neurology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| [c]
MTA-PTE Clinical Neuroscience MR Research Group, Pécs, Hungary
Correspondence:
[*]
Correspondence to: Dr. Kovacs Norbert, Department of Neurology University of Pécs, H-7623, Pécs, Rét utca 2, Hungary. Tel.: +36 70 222 1178; Fax: +36 72 535 911; E-mail: kovacsnorbert06@gmail.com.
Note: [1] These authors contributed equally.
Abstract: Background: Apathy is a syndrome characterized primarily by lack of motivation which may be associated with cognitive, affective and behavioral changes. Although the Lille Apathy Scale (LARS) has been extensively utilized in PD for detecting apathy and testing the effectiveness of specific therapeutic interventions, the highly variable cut-off values (between –11 and –22 points) ensures the applicability of the LARS degree of difficulty as a superb screening tool. Objective: The aim of this study is to determine more reliable threshold values based on the neuropsychiatric status of patients. Methods: Depression was assessed utilizing the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale and neurocognitive status by Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination. The presence of apathy was assessed by the proposed diagnostic criteria of Drijgers et al, and graded by both LARS and the ‘Apathy’ item of MDS-UPDRS. Results: Based on multivariate regression analysis, we revealed the neurocognitive status, severity of depression, and also gender while applying dosage of dopamine agonists to determine the degree of patient apathy. Based on whether or not depression and neurocognitive disorders were indeed present, we established four different threshold values for the LARS: patients with normal cognition and without depression: –22.5; patients with normal cognition and with depression: –18.5; patients with NCD and without depression: –19.5; patients with NCD and with depression: –14.5. Conclusions: The LARS and the ‘Apathy’ item of MDS-UPDRS were confirmed to be potentially operational, beneficial and easy-to-assess instruments for detecting apathy syndrome in PD. However, there is no universal threshold value for the LARS suitable in all types of Parkinson’s patients.
