Affiliations: [a] Department of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
| [b] Pediatric Nephrology & Pediatric Kidney Transplantation, Kidney and Urology Institute, Medanta, The Medicity Hospital, Gurgaon, India
| [c] Akron Nephrology Associates/Cleveland Clinic Akron General Medical Center, Akron, OH, USA
| [d] Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Dr. Mehta’s Hospitals, Chetpet and Vellapanchavadi, Chennai, India
| [e] Department of Nephrology, Akron Children’s Hospital, Akron, OH, USA
Correspondence:
[*]
Address for correspondence: Rupesh Raina, MD, Consultant Nephrologist, Adult-Pediatric Kidney Disease/Hypertension, Department of Nephrology, Cleveland Clinic Akron General and Akron Children’s Hospital, Akron, OH, USA. Tel.: +1 330 543 8950; Fax: +1 330 543 3980; E-mail: rraina@akronchildrens.org.
Abstract: Neonatal acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication, especially in the neonatal intensive care unit, that is associated with long term consequences and poor outcomes. Early detection and treatment is critical. Currently, neonatal AKI is defined with urinary markers and serum creatinine, with limitations on early detection and individual treatment. There have been numerous biomarkers and risk factor scores that have been studied for their ability to predict neonatal AKI. To move towards personalized medicine, neonatal AKI must be categorized into phenotypes and subphenotypes that fully encapsulate the diverse causes and specific treatments. This review aims to advance our understanding of neonatal AKI detection through the use of biomarkers, subphenotypes, and phenotypes to move towards personalized treatment strategies.
Keywords: Neonatal AKI, phenotypes of AKI, subphenotypes of AKI, precision medicine, AKI biomarkers, neonatal AKI risk scores, and STARZ
