Pool-based active learning framework for concept prerequisite learning

Article type: Research Article

Authors: He, Yu | Pan, Yigong | Hu, Xinying | Sun, Guangzhong^{; *}

Affiliations: School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, China

Correspondence: [*] Corresponding author. Guangzhong Sun. E-mail: gzsun@ustc.edu.cn.

Abstract:  Concept prerequisite relation refers to the learning order of concepts, which is useful in education. Concept prerequisite learning refers to using machine learning methods to infer prerequisite relation of a concept pair. The process of concept prerequisite learning requires large amounts of labeled data to train classifier. Usually, the labels of prerequisite relation are assigned by specialists. The specialist labelling method is costly. Thus, it is necessary to reduce labeling expense. An effective strategy is using active learning methods. In this paper, we propose a pool-based active learning framework for concept prerequisite learning named PACOL. It is a fact that concept u and concept v cannot be prerequisite of each other simultaneously. The idea of PACOL is to select the concept pair with the greatest deviation between the classifier’s prediction and the fact. Besides, PACOL can be used in two situations: when specialists assign three kinds of labels or two kinds of labels. In experiments, we constructed data sets for three subjects. Experimental results on both our constructed data sets and public data sets demonstrate that PACOL outperforms than existing active learning methods in all situations.

Keywords: Educational data mining, prerequisite relation, active learning, Wikipedia

DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-231878

Journal: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 1771-1787, 2024