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Article type: Research Article
Authors: Li, Zheminga; b | Chen, Yidanc; * | Yang, Boa; b | Li, Chenweia; b | Zhang, Shihuaa | Li, Weia | Zhang, Hengweia; b
Affiliations: [a] State Key Laboratory of Mathematical Engineering and Advanced Computing, Zhengzhou, Henan, China | [b] Henan Key Laboratory of Information Security, Zhengzhou, Henan, China | [c] National Engineering Laboratory for Cyber Science and Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
Correspondence: [*] Correspondence author. Yidan Chen, National Engineering Laboratory for Cyber Science and Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China. E-mail: ydchen_zz@126.com.
Abstract: AbstractAdversarial examples are often used to test and evaluate the security and robustness of image classification models. Though adversarial attacks under white-box setting can achieve a high attack success rate, due to overfitting, the success rate of black-box attacks is relatively low. To this end, this paper proposes diversified input strategies to improve the transferability of adversarial examples. In this method, various transformation methods are applied to randomly transform the original image multiple times, thereby generating a batch of transformed images. Then, in the process of back-propagation, the loss function gradient of the transformed images is calculated, and a weighted average of the obtained gradient values is performed to generate adversarial perturbation, which is iteratively added to the original image to generate adversarial examples. Meanwhile, by increasing the variety of data augmentation transformation types and the number of input images, the proposed method effectively alleviates overfitting and improves the transferability of adversarial examples. Extensive experiments on the ImageNet dataset indicate that the proposed method can perform black-box attacks better than benchmark methods, with an average of 97.2% success rate attacking multiple models simultaneously.
Keywords: Deep neural network, image classification, adversarial examples, black-box attacks, diversified input
DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-223584
Journal: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. 46, no. 4, pp. 10359-10373, 2024
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