A secure fractional-order polar harmonic transforms based image watermarking scheme using funk singular value decomposition

Article type: Research Article

Authors: Thirugnanam, G.^{a; *} | Sahul Hameed, Jennathu Beevi^b | Bharathidasan, B.^c

Affiliations: [a] Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Government College of Technology, Thadagam Road, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India | [b] Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, B. S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India | [c] Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sree Rama Engineering College, Tirupati, India

Correspondence: [*] Corresponding author. G. Thirugnanam, Associate Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Government College of Technology, Thadagam Road, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. E-mail: thirugnanam_g@gct.ac.in.

Abstract: In addition to existing cryptographic systems, watermarking technologies have been developed to add extra security. Digital watermarking utilizes embedding or hiding techniques to protect multimedia files from copyright violations. Fundamental procedures of digital watermarking techniques are embedding and extraction. Singular value decomposition (SVD) based Image watermarking schemes become popular owing to its better trade-off among robustness and imperceptibility. Nevertheless, false positive problem (FPP) is a major issue of SVD-based watermarking schemes. The singular value that is a fixed value and does not contain structural information about image is the primary cause of FPP problem. Therefore, Message Digest algorithm image watermarking scheme based on Funk Singular Value Decomposition and Fractional-Order Polar Harmonic Transform (FSVD-FOPHT) is proposed in this paper to address this problem. The MD-5 algorithm is used to extract data from the host and watermark imageries and then create secret key. The FSVD-FOPHT method is utilized to hide watermark information in host image. The secret keys are extracted from hided image using inverse process of Fractional-Order Polar Harmonic Transforms with Funk Singular Value Decomposition algorithm. By using the extraction procedure, watermark image is extracted, and then reconstructs original watermarked image. During extraction procedure, the secret key is used for authentication to address FPP. Then, the proposed method is implemented in MATLAB and performance is analyzed with evaluation metrics, such as Embedding capacity, MSE, PSNR, and NC. The proposed method provide 14.6%, 17.34%, 19.53%, 21.46% and 23.89% high PSNR for cold-snow-landscape-water test image, 14.29%, 16.47%, 18.39%, 20.16% and 21.93% high PSNR for landscape-nature-sky-blue Test image, 16.85%, 19.99%, 22.70%, 27.22% and 29.16% high Embedding Capacity for cold-snow-landscape-water test image 22.83%, 24.64%, 27.92%, 29.60% and 31.77% high Embedding Capacity for landscape-nature-sky-blue Test image 35.38%, 32.63%, 30.95%, 28.61% and 26.08% low extraction time compared with existing methods SVD-CMSF-SIW, FE-IWS-DNN, AR-IWS-DNN, BBET-SHA1-SIW and LSB-DWT-SIW respectively.

Keywords: Fractional-order polar harmonic transforms funk singular value decomposition embedding and extraction, message digest algorithm, secure image watermarking

DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-222182

Journal: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. 45, no. 6, pp. 9499-9521, 2023