Filter pruning - deeper layers need fewer filters

Article type: Research Article

Authors: Wang, Heng | Ye, Xiang | Li, Yong^{; *}

Affiliations: Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications

Correspondence: [*] Corresponding author. Yong Li, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications. E-mail: yli@bupt.edu.cn.

Abstract: Model pruning aims to reduce the parameter amount of deep neural networks while retaining the performance. Existing strategies often treat all layers equally and all layers simply share the same pruning rate. However, it is observed from our experiments that the redundancy degree differs from layer to layer. Based on this observation, this work proposes a pruning strategy depending on the layer-wise redundancy degree. Firstly, we define the redundancy degree for each layer by the norm and similarity redundancy of filters. Then a novel layer-wise strategy, Redundancy-dependent Filter Pruning (RedFiP), is proposed which prunes different proportion of filters at different layers according to the defined redundancy degree. Since the redundancy analysis and experimental results of RedFiP show that deeper layers need fewer filters, a phase-wise strategy, Phased Filter Pruning (PFP), is proposed that divides the layers into three phases and layers in each phase share the same pruning rate. The phase-wise PFP allows the layer-wise RedFiP to be easily implemented in existing structures of deep neural networks. Experimental results show that when total parameters are pruned by 40%, RedFiP outperforms the state-of-the-art strategy FPGM-Mixed by 1.83% on CIFAR-100, and even slightly outperforms the non-pruned model by 0.11% on CIFAR-10. On ImageNet-1k, RedFiP (30%) and PFP (30%) outperform FPGM-Mixed (30%) by 1.3% and 0.8% with ResNet-18.

Keywords: Filter pruning, redundancy, phase, importance

DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-211346

Journal: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. 42, no. 3, pp. 1977-1990, 2022