Affiliations: [a] Institute of Computing Science and Technology, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| [b] School of Information Science and Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| [c] School of Information Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| [d] College of Mathematics and Informatics, Fujian Normal University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Network Security and Cryptology, Fujian Network & Information Security Industry Technology Development Base, Fuzhou, China
| [e] Center for Cyber Security, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
Correspondence:
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Corresponding author. Lanxiang Chen, College of Mathematics and Informatics, Fujian Normal University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Network Security and Cryptology, Fujian Network & Information Security Industry Technology Development Base, Fuzhou 350117, China. E-mail: lxiangchen@fjnu.edu.cn.
Abstract: Superior to single-factor authentication, multi-factor authentication (MFA) provides enhanced security by requiring at least two factors to authenticate an entity. It has been studied extensively in recent years and has been applied to various fields. However, there is no adaptive and quantified method to evaluate the dynamic threats coming from different attacks. In this paper, we introduce fuzzy dominating set to model the multiple factors of privacy-preserving identities, and propose an adaptive MFA combinatorial model to achieve adaptive choosing one or multiple privacy-preserving identities to authenticate the user. Moreover, we propose an integer linear programming for solving the Fuzzy Domination Model, and propose a greedy algorithm for Fuzzy Domination (GFD) and a primal dual greedy algorithm for Fuzzy Domination (PDFD) based on this integer linear programming. This work will reduce the gap between dynamic MFA and its practice applications. Finally, the effectiveness and efficiency of both algorithms in MFA are analyzed and experimental results demonstrate that PDFD is comparatively efficient and effective for solving instances with moderate orders.
Keywords: fuzzy dominating set, information security, multi-factor authentication, fuzzy graph theory
