Affiliations: [a] School of Computer, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, P.R.China | [b] Département de Physique, École Normale Supérieure, 24, rue Lhomond 75231 Paris Cedex 5, France
Correspondence:
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Corresponding author. Cong Jin, School of Computer, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P.R.China. E-mail: jincong@mail.ccnu.edu.cn.
Abstract: Digital watermark technology has been proposed as an effective method to protect the copyright of digital image. By exploiting the characteristic of human visual system (HVS) and considering properties of discrete wavelet transform (DWT) coefficient, a novel image watermark scheme is designed in this paper. For embedding watermark, it selects wavelet detail coefficients to utilize HVS characteristic by fuzzy rough sets (FRS). The proposed scheme provides to select wavelet coefficients method using the fuzzy lower and upper approximations, which is partitioned by the FRS according to HVS. The experimental results confirm that the embedded watermarks by the proposed scheme are robust against common image processing attacks, such as JPEG compression, Gaussian noise, Salt & Pepper noise, cropping, mean filtering, wiener filtering, histogram equalization, and scaling etc. Proposed scheme can provide very good results in terms of image imperceptibility, too.
Keywords: Digital image watermark, human visual system, imperceptibility, fuzzy rough sets, robustness, wavelets
