Affiliations: Yucheng Comprehensive Experimental Station, Institute
of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Beijing 100101, China | Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Beijing 100039 | School of Environment,State Key Laboratory of Water
Environment Simulation, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
Abstract: The nitrogen transformation in maize soil after application of
different organic manure was studied. The nitrogen mineralization in surface
soil, NO_3^--N dynamics and distribution in soil profile,
and N_2O emission were investigated. Eight treatments were
laid out randomizing with three replications in 24 plots: maize plantation
without fertilizer (CK1), bare soil without maize plantation and fertilization
(CK2), swine manure (S1, S2), poultry manure (P1, P2), and cattle manure (C1,
C2). Three manures were applied at two application levels (15
t/hm^2 and 30 t/hm^2). The results
indicated that NH_4^+-N in surface soil showed the same
temporal pattern without much variation among different treatments. But
NO_3^--N in the same layer exhibited large temporal pattern
in all treatments, which was mainly due to its easy eluviations of
NO_3^--N in soil, its transformation to
N_2O and the influence of precipitation. The distribution of
NO_3^--N in the soil profile during maize growing season
showed the leaching tendency from surface soil to subsoil, which was different
among the treatments. The poultry treatments showed the largest leaching
tendency. The study also revealed that the emissions of N_2O
were affected by the application of organic manures in the order of P2 > S2
> C2 > P1 > S1 > C1 > CK1 > CK2. All these results showed
that organic manure applications significantly affect nitrogen transformation
and distribution in maize soil. Considering N_2O emission
and NO_3^--N leaching, the management of organic manure in
the agriculture needs further studies.
