Translation, cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of the Urdu version of the avoidance endurance behavior questionnaire in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain
Affiliations: [a] University Institute of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan | [b] University Institute of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan | [c] Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Lahore University of Biological and Applied Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan | [d] University of Sialkot, Sialkot, Pakistan | [e] Rashid Latif Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan
Correspondence:
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Corresponding author: Sahar Fatima, Institute of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan. E-mails: fatima.sahar0212@gmail.com, sehar.fatima@uipt. uol.edu.pk.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The Avoidance Endurance Questionnaire (AEQ) successfully measures the fear-avoidance and endurance-related responses to chronic pain. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to translate, cross-culturally adapt AEQ into Urdu and assess the reliability and validity of the Urdu version. METHOD: For the translation and cross-cultural adaptation process, the Beaton Guidelines were followed. A total of 103 participants responded to the Urdu version of the AEQ SF-12, Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) and Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) at baseline and after 48 hours. The test-retest reliability was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Cronbach’s alpha was used to measure internal consistency. To measure validity, Pearson’s correlation between the subscales of AEQ-Urdu and other outcome measures (SF-12, PCS and NPRS scores) were used (p< 0.05). RESULTS: The mean age of the total 103 participants was 32.7 ± 10.90 among which 45 (43.6%) were male and 58 (56.3%) were female. The pre-final version of the translated AEQ was tested on 40 Urdu speaking participants and no major changes were made. The Cronbach’s alpha for all subscales of the AEQ-Urdu ranged from 0.848–0.990. AEQ-U showed an excellent test-retest reliability with the ICC ranging from 0.775–0.996. The majority of the subscales of AEQ showed significant (p< 0.05) positive correlation with pain scales (PCS and NPRS) and negative correlation with the domains of SF-12. CONCLUSION: The AEQ-U has reliable and valid construct validity, good internal consistency, and test-retest reliability, indicating that it has adequate psychometric features and can be a useful tool for evaluating pain responses in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain.
