Affiliations: [a] Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan | [b] Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan | [c] Orthopaedic Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan | [d] Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan | [e] Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan | [f] Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
Correspondence:
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Corresponding author: Yi-Jing Lue, Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Shih-Chuan 1 st Rd., Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan. Tel.: +886 7 3121101 ext. 2670; Fax: +886 7 3215845; E-mail: yijilu@kmu.edu.tw.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Sex and gender affect responses to pain, but little is known about disability and quality of life. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effects of sex and gender on disability and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in patients with low back pain. METHODS: Ninety-three patients with low back pain were included in this cross-sectional survey study. Disability, HRQOL and gender identity were respectively assessed with the Oswestry Disability Index, Short Form-36 and Bem Sex Role Inventory. The participants were classified into four gender role orientations (masculinity, femininity, androgyny and undifferentiated). One-way analysis of variance was used to analyze both the sex and the gender role orientation. RESULTS: Females had higher disability than males (p< 0.05), but in gender identity, no significant difference was found. Seven domains of HRQOL were lower than the healthy norms. Males experienced greater impacts than females on vitality and mental health (p< 0.05). For gender identity, five domains of HRQOL had significant differences (p< 0.05). Masculinity orientation had the least impact on four domains (p< 0.05), while undifferentiated orientation had the largest impact on all domains. CONCLUSION: Sex and gender effects can be used to analyze disability and HRQOL in patients with low back pain. Females have higher disability, while HRQOL is greatly influenced by different gender role orientations.
Keywords: Disability, quality of life, low back pain, sex, gender
