Dyadic Art Appreciation and Self-Expression Program (NCGG-ART) for People with Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment and Their Family Caregivers: A Feasibility Study

Article type: Research Article

Authors: Okahashi, Sayaka^{a; 1} | Noguchi, Taiji^{a; b; c; 1} | Ishihara, Masumi^a | Osawa, Aiko^{a; d} | Kinoshita, Fumie^e | Ueda, Ikue^d | Kamiya, Masaki^d | Nakagawa, Takeshi^a | Kondo, Izumi^d | Sakurai, Takashi^{a; f} | Arai, Hidenori^g | Saito, Tami^{a; *}

Affiliations: [a] Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan | [b] Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK | [c] Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Chiyoda, Japan | [d] Hospital, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan | [e] Department of Advanced Medicine, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan | [f] Department of Cognition and Behavior Science, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan | [g] National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan

Correspondence: [*] Correspondence to: Tami Saito, PhD, Department of Social Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka, Obu, Aichi 474-8511, Japan. Tel.: +81 562 46 2311; Fax: +81 562 48 7474; E-mail: t-saito@ncgg.go.jp.

Note: [1] These authors contributed equally to this work.

Abstract: Background:Non-pharmacological interventions effective for depressive mood and bilateral relationships among persons with cognitive impairment (PwCI) and their family caregivers (FCGs) have not been established. Objective:To examine the feasibility of a newly developed group-based art appreciation and self-expression program (NCGG-ART) for dyads of PwCI and their FCGs. Methods:This pilot randomized control trial included 34 dyads of PwCI diagnosed with mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease or mild cognitive impairment, and their FCGs, from an outpatient rehabilitation service (Holistic Physio-Cognitive Rehabilitation [HPCR]). Participants were randomly divided equally into the HPCR (control group) or NCGG-ART and HPCR (intervention group) groups. Both included 1-hour weekly, 6-week programs. The primary outcome was depressive symptoms among FCGs assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Feasibility outcomes included participant satisfaction and motivation. FCGs were interviewed about their experiences and feelings regarding the program, which were analyzed using content analysis. Results:Thirty-two dyads (intervention group:16; control group:16) completed the study period. High participation rates, satisfaction, and motivation were demonstrated throughout the intervention. Scores in the PHQ-9 among FCGs did not show positive effects: mean changes in the score were 1.3 for the intervention group and –0.8 for the control group (Cohen d:0.56). However, the qualitative analysis revealed favorable experiences and feelings of the FCGs, such as positive emotions, social interactions, and person-centered attitudes to and positive relationships with PwCI. Conclusions:This program demonstrated high feasibility with FCGs’ favorable responses to emotions and relationships with PwCI, ensuring future investigations with a confirmatory study design.

Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease, art, caregivers, cognitive dysfunction, dementia, depression, person-centered psychotherapy, positive psychology, psychosocial intervention, qualitative research

DOI: 10.3233/JAD-231143

Journal: Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, vol. 97, no. 3, pp. 1435-1448, 2024