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Article type: Research Article
Authors: Zukowski, Lisa A.a; * | Brinkerhoff, Sarah A.b | Levin, Ilanaa | Herter, Troy M.c | Hetrick, Lenad | Lockhart, Samuel N.e | Miller, Michael E.f | Laurienti, Paul J.g | Kritchevsky, Stephen B.e | Hugenschmidt, Christina E.e
Affiliations: [a] Department of Physical Therapy, High Point University, High Point, NC, USA | [b] Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA | [c] Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA | [d] Department of Neuroscience, High Point University, High Point, NC, USA | [e] Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer’s Prevention, Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA | [f] Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA | [g] Department of Radiology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
Correspondence: [*] Correspondence to: Lisa A. Zukowski, One University Parkway, Drawer 67, High Point University, High Point, NC 27262, USA. E-mail: lzukowsk@highpoint.edu.
Abstract: Background:A screening tool sensitive to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) risk factors, such as amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition, and subtle cognitive changes, best elicited by complex everyday tasks, is needed. Objective:To determine if grocery shopping performance could differentiate older adults at elevated risk of developing AD (OAer), older adults at low risk of developing AD (OAlr), and young adults (YA), and if amount of Aβ deposition could predict grocery shopping performance in older adults (OA). Methods:Twenty-one OAer (78±5 years), 33 OAlr (78±5 years), and 28 YA (31±3 years) performed four grocery shopping trials, with the best and worst performances analyzed. Measures included trial time, number of correct items, number of grocery note fixations, and number of fixations and percentage of time fixating on the correct shelving unit, correct brand, and correct shelf. Linear mixed effects models compared measures by performance rank (best, worst) and group (OAer, OAlr, YA), and estimated the effect of Aβ deposition on measures in OA. Results:Relative to their best performance, OAer and OAlr exhibited more correct shelving unit fixations and correct brand fixations during their worst performance, while YA did not. Within OA’s worst performance, greater Aβ deposition was associated with a smaller percentage of time fixating on the correct shelving unit, correct shelf, and correct brand. Within OA, greater Aβ deposition was associated with more grocery note fixations. Conclusions:OA with elevated Aβ deposition may exhibit subtle working memory impairments and less efficient visual search strategies while performing a cognitively demanding everyday task.
Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease, cognition, eye-tracking, visual processing
DOI: 10.3233/JAD-231108
Journal: Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, vol. 100, no. 1, pp. 53-75, 2024
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