Affiliations: [a] Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation, Laboratory of Neuropsychology of Memory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| [b] Niccolò Cusano University, Rome, Italy
| [c] Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation, Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| [d] Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| [e] Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| [f] Senior Authors
Correspondence:
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Correspondence to: Maria Stefania De Simone, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, via Ardeatina 306, 00179 Rome, Italy, and Niccolò Cusano University, via Don Carlo Gnocchi, 00166, Rome, Italy. Tel.: +39 06 51501189; E-mail: ms.desimone@hsantalucia.it.
Note: [1] Deceased.
Abstract: Background:Increasing evidence is demonstrating that degeneration of specific thalamic nuclei, in addition to the hippocampus, may occur in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) from the prodromal stage (mild cognitive impairment – MCI) and contribute to memory impairment. Objective:Here, we evaluated the presence of macro and micro structural alterations at the level of the anterior thalamic nuclei (ATN) and medio-dorsal thalamic nuclei (MDTN) in AD and amnestic MCI (aMCI) and the possible relationship between such changes and the severity of memory impairment. Methods:For this purpose, a sample of 50 patients with aMCI, 50 with AD, and 50 age- and education-matched healthy controls (HC) were submitted to a 3-T MRI protocol with whole-brain T1-weighted and diffusion tensor imaging and a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment. Results:At macro-structural level, both the ATN and MDTN were found significantly smaller in patients with aMCI and AD when compared to HC subjects. At micro-structural level, instead, diffusion alterations that significantly differentiated aMCI and AD patients from HC subjects were found only in the ATN, but not in the MDTN. Moreover, diffusion values of the ATN were significantly associated with poor episodic memory in the overall patients’ group. Conclusions:These findings represent the first in vivo evidence of a relevant involvement of ATN in the AD-related neurodegeneration and memory profile and strengthen the importance to look beyond the hippocampus when considering neurological conditions characterized by memory decline.
