Glucometabolic Changes Are Associated with Structural Gray Matter Alterations in Prodromal Dementia

Article type: Research Article

Authors: Gentreau, Mélissa^{a; *} | Reynes, Christelle^a | Sabatier, Robert^a | Maller, Jerome J.^{b; c} | Meslin, Chantal^d | Deverdun, Jeremy^e | Le Bars, Emmanuelle^e | Raymond, Michel^f | Berticat, Claire^{f; 1} | Artero, Sylvaine^{a; 1; *}

Affiliations: [a] IGF, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France | [b] Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia | [c] General Electric Healthcare, Richmond, Melbourne, VIC, Australia | [d] Centre for Mental Health Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia | [e] I2FH, Department of Neuroradiology, Montpellier University Hospital Center, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France | [f] ISEM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France

Correspondence: [*] Correspondence to: Mélissa Gentreau, La Colombière Hospital, 39 av Charles Flahault BP 34493, 34093 Montpellier cedex 5, France. E-mail: melissa.gentreau@gmail.com. and Sylvaine Artero, La Colombière Hospital, 39 av Charles Flahault BP 34493, 34093 Montpellier cedex 5, France. Tel.: +334 99 61 45 68; E-mail: sylvaine.artero@inserm.fr.

Note: [1] These authors contributed equally to this work.

Abstract: Background:Glucometabolic changes, such as high glycemic load (GL) diet and insulin resistance (IR), are potential risk factor of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Yet, the effect of these factors on brain alterations that contribute to AD pathology has not been clearly demonstrated. Objective:We aimed to assess the relationship of GL and IR with gray matter volumes involved in prodromal dementia. Methods:GL and Triglyceride-Glucose (TyG) index, an IR surrogate marker, were calculated in 497 participants who underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The gray matter volumes most related to prodromal dementia/mild cognitive impairment (diagnosed in 18/158 participants during the 7-year follow-up) were identified using a data-driven machine learning algorithm. Results:Higher GL diet was associated with reduced amygdala volume. The TyG index was negatively associated with the hippocampus, amygdala, and putamen volumes. Conclusion:These results suggest that GL and IR are associated with lower gray matter volumes in brain regions involved in AD pathology.

Keywords: Amygdala, dementia, glycemic load, hippocampus, insulin resistance, magnetic resonance imaging, putamen

DOI: 10.3233/JAD-220490

Journal: Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, vol. 89, no. 4, pp. 1293-1302, 2022