Iron Chelation Remits Memory Deficits Caused by the High-Fat Diet in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease

Article type: Research Article

Authors: Xiao, Yifan^{a; b} | Gong, Xiaokang^a | Deng, Ronghua^{a; b} | Liu, Wei^{a; b} | Yang, Youhua^{a; b} | Wang, Xiaochuan^{a; c} | Wang, Jianzhi^{a; c; *} | Bao, Jian^{a; b; *} | Shu, Xiji^{a; b; *}

Affiliations: [a] Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China | [b] Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China | [c] Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China

Correspondence: [*] Correspondence to: Xiji Shu, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China. Tel.: +86 18971625295; E-mail: xijishu@jhun.edu.cn and Jian Bao, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China. Tel.: +86 13871011874; E-mail: baoj@jhun.edu.cn.

Abstract: Background:Obesity is a worldwide health problem that has been implicated in many diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). AD is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders and is characterized by two pathologies, including extracellular senior plaques composed of amyloid-β (Aβ) and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) consisting of abnormally hyperphosphorylated tau. According to current research, a high-fat diet (HFD) could exacerbate Aβ accumulation, oxidative damage, and cognitive defects in AD mice. However, the accurate role of HFD in the pathogenesis of AD is far more unclear. Objective:To explore the accurate role of HFD in the pathogenesis of AD. Methods:Open Field, Barns Maze, Elevated zero-maze, Contextual fear condition, Tail suspension test, western blotting, immunofluorescence, Fluoro-Jade C Labeling, Perls’ Prussian blue staining, and ELISA were used. Results:HFD caused nonheme iron overload in the brains of APPswe/PS1dE9 (APP/PS1) mice. Furthermore, the administration of M30 (0.5 mg/kg) for iron chelation once every 2 days per os (p.o.) for 1 month remitted memory deficits caused by HFD in APP/PS1 mice. Notably, a variety of hematological parameters in whole blood had no difference after iron chelation. In addition, iron chelation effectively reduced synaptic impairment in hippocampus and neuronal degeneration in cortex in the HFD-fed APP/PS1 mice. Meanwhile, iron chelation decreased Aβ1–40 and Aβ1–42 level as well as neuroinflammation in HFD-fed APP/PS1 mice. Conclusion:These data enhance our understanding of how HFD aggravates AD pathology and cognitive impairments and might shed light on future preclinical studies.

Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease, amyloid-β, APP/PS1, high-fat diet, iron

DOI: 10.3233/JAD-215705

Journal: Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, vol. 86, no. 4, pp. 1959-1971, 2022