Establishing a New Screening System for Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease with Mental Rotation Tasks that Evaluate Visuospatial Function

Article type: Research Article

Authors: Suzuki, Ayuko^{a; b} | Shinozaki, Jun^b | Yazawa, Shogo^{b; c} | Ueki, Yoshino^d | Matsukawa, Noriyuki^a | Shimohama, Shun^e | Nagamine, Takashi^{b; *}

Affiliations: [a] Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Japan | [b] Department of Systems Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Japan | [c] Department of Neurology, Junwakai Memorial Hospital, Japan | [d] Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nagoya City University, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Japan | [e] Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Japan

Correspondence: [*] Correspondence to: Takashi Nagamine, MD, PhD, Department of Systems Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, South 1 West 17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan. Tel.: +81 11 688 9568; Fax: +81 11 644 1020; E-mail: nagamine@sapmed.ac.jp.

Abstract: Background:The mental rotation task is well-known for the assessment of visuospatial function; however, it has not been used for screening of dementia patients. Objective:The aim of this study was to create a simple screening test for patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) by focusing on non-amnestic symptoms. Methods:Age-matched healthy controls (age 75.3±6.8), patients with MCI (76.5±5.5), and AD (78.2±5.0) participated in this study. They carried out mental rotation tasks targeting geometric graphics or alphabetical characters with three rotating angles (0°, 90°, and 180°) and indicated the correct answer. Response accuracy and reaction time were recorded along with their eye movements using an eye tracker. To quantify their visual processing strategy, the run count ratio (RC ratio) was calculated by dividing the mean number of fixations in incorrect answers by that in correct answers. Results:AD patients showed lower accuracy and longer reaction time than controls. They also showed a significantly greater number of fixation and smaller saccade amplitude than controls, while fixation duration did not differ significantly. The RC ratio was higher for AD, followed by MCI and control groups. By setting the cut-off value to 0.47 in the 180° rotating angle task, we could differentiate MCI patients from controls with a probability of 80.0%. Conclusions:We established a new screening system for dementia patients by evaluating visuospatial function. The RC ratio during a mental rotation task is useful for discriminating MCI patients from controls.

Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease, cognition, early diagnosis, eye movement, mild cognitive impairment

DOI: 10.3233/JAD-170801

Journal: Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, vol. 61, no. 4, pp. 1653-1665, 2018