Affiliations: [a] Institute of Clinical Medicine, Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| [b] Department of Nursing Science, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| [c] NeuroCentre, Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| [d] Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research Unit (PHORU), School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
Correspondence:
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Correspondence to: Ilona Hallikainen, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Brain Research Unit, Mediteknia, Yliopistonranta 1B, FIN-70210 Kuopio, Finland. Tel.: +358 403553537; Fax: +358 17 163539; E-mail: ilona.hallikainen@uef.fi.
Abstract: Background:An improved understanding of the role of neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) in the course of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has recently emerged. NPS lead to hospitalization and caregiver stress, but are more variable during the course of the disease than other symptoms. Knowledge about the role of specific NPS in disease progression and prognosis is especially limited. Objectives:To examine the relationship between specific NPS and AD severity during a 5-year follow-up period, and to determine which baseline NPS predict AD progression. Methods:236 persons with very mild (CDR 0.5) or mild (CDR 1) AD at baseline and their caregivers were followed up for five years as part of the ALSOVA study. The Neuropsychiatric Inventory was used to assess NPS, and AD severity progression was measured with the Clinical Dementia Rating Sum of Boxes. Data was analyzed with Generalized Estimated Equations and Linear Mixed Models. Results:The baseline NPS that best predicted AD progression were delusions, agitation, and aberrant motor behavior, while AD severity during follow-up was associated with hallucinations, delusions, agitation, apathy, aberrant motor behavior, and sleep and appetite disturbances. Conclusions:Persons with mild AD presenting delusions, agitation, and aberrant motor behavior at the time of diagnosis could have a more rapidly progressing disease, and some NPS are associated with AD severity. These results highlight the importance of evaluating NPS at the time of AD diagnosis, and the need to offer additional support to persons presenting delusions, agitation and aberrant motor behavior, and their caregivers.
