Impact of Total Knee Arthroplasty with General Anesthesia on Brain Networks: Cognitive Efficiency and Ventricular Volume Predict Functional Connectivity Decline in Older Adults

Article type: Research Article

Authors: Huang, Haiqing^{a; 1} | Tanner, Jared^{b; 1} | Parvataneni, Hari^c | Rice, Mark^d | Horgas, Ann^e | Ding, Mingzhou^a | Price, Catherine^{b; d; *}

Affiliations: [a] Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA | [b] Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA | [c] Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA | [d] Department of Anesthesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA | [e] College of Nursing, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA

Correspondence: [*] Correspondence to: Catherine C. Price, PhD, Associate Professor, Clinical and Health Psychology, Anesthesiology, 101 S. Newell Drive, PO Box 100165, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA. Tel.: +1 352 494 6999; Fax: +1 352 265 0096; E-mail: cep23@phhp.ufl.edu.

Note: [1] These authors contributed equally to this work.

Abstract:  Using resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (RS-fMRI), we explored: 1) pre- to post-operative changes in functional connectivity in default mode, salience, and central executive networks after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) with general anesthesia, and 2) the contribution of cognitive/brain reserve metrics these resting state functional declines. Individuals age 60 and older electing unilateral total knee arthroplasty (TKA; n = 48) and non-surgery peers with osteoarthritis (n = 45) completed baseline cognitive testing and baseline and post-surgery (post-baseline, 48-h post-surgery) brain MRI. We acquired cognitive and brain estimates for premorbid (vocabulary, reading, education, intracranial volume) and current (working memory, processing speed, declarative memory, ventricular volume) reserve. Functional network analyses corrected for pain severity and pain medication. The surgery group declined in every functional network of interest (p < 0.001). Relative to non-surgery peers, 23% of surgery participants declined in at least one network and 15% of the total TKA sample declined across all networks. Larger preoperative ventricular volume and lower scores on preoperative metrics of processing speed and working memory predicted default mode network connectivity decline. Premorbid cognitive and premorbid brain reserve did not predict decline. Within 48 hours after surgery, at least one fourth of the older adult sample showed significant functional network decline. Metrics of current brain status (ventricular volume), working memory, and processing speed predicted the severity of default mode network connectivity decline. These findings demonstrate the relevance of preoperative cognition and brain integrity on acute postoperative functional network change.

Keywords: Anesthesia, cognitive dysfunction, cognitive reserve, dementia, efficiency, magnetic resonance imaging, orthopedics

DOI: 10.3233/JAD-170496

Journal: Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, vol. 62, no. 1, pp. 319-333, 2018