Coffee Consumption Habits and the Risk of Mild Cognitive Impairment: The Italian Longitudinal Study on Aging

Article type: Research Article

Authors: Solfrizzi, Vincenzo^{a; 1; *} | Panza, Francesco^{b; c; d; 1; *} | Imbimbo, Bruno P.^e | D’Introno, Alessia^a | Galluzzo, Lucia^f | Gandin, Claudia^f | Misciagna, Giovanni^g | Guerra, Vito^h | Osella, Alberto^g | Baldereschi, Marziaⁱ | Di Carlo, Antonioⁱ | Inzitari, Domenico^j | Seripa, Davide^d | Pilotto, Alberto^{d; k} | Sabbá, Carlo^a | Logroscino, Giancarlo^{b; c} | Scafato, Emanuele^f | and for the Italian Longitudinal Study on Aging Working Group

Affiliations: [a] Geriatric Medicine-Memory Unit, Rare Disease Centre, Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy | [b] Neurodegenerative Disease Unit, Department of Basic Medicine, Neuroscience, and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy | [c] Department of Clinical Research in Neurology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, “Pia Fondazione Cardinale G. Panico”, Tricase, Lecce, Italy | [d] Geriatric Unit & Laboratory of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Medical Sciences, IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy | [e] Department of Research and Development, Chiesi Farmaceutici, Parma, Italy | [f] Population Health and Health Determinants Unit, National Centre for Epidemiology, Surveillance and Health Promotion (CNESPS), Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS), Roma, Italy | [g] Laboratory of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, National Institute for Digestive Diseases, IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis”, Castellana, Bari, Italy | [h] Trials Centre, National Institute for Digestive Diseases, IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis”, Castellana, Bari, Italy | [i] Institute of Neuroscience, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Firenze, Italy | [j] Department of Neurological and Psychiatric Sciences, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy | [k] Geriatrics Unit, Department of OrthoGeriatrics, Rehabilitation and Stabilization, Frailty Area, Galliera Hospital NR-HS, Genova, Italy

Correspondence: [*] Correspondence to: Francesco Panza, MD, PhD, Neurodegenerative Disease Unit, Department of Basic Medicine, Neuroscience, and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy; and Department of Clinical Research in Neurology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, “Pia Fondazione Cardinale G. Panico”, Tricase, Lecce, Italy; and Geriatric Unit & Laboratory of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Medical Sciences, IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy. E-mail: geriat.dot@geriatria.uniba.it and Vincenzo Solfrizzi, MD, PhD, Geriatric Medicine-Memory Unit and Rare Disease Centre, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy; and Policlinico, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 11 - 70124 Bari, Italy. Tel.: +39 080 5473685; Fax: +39 080 5478633; E-mail: v.solfrizzi@geriatria.uniba.it

Note: [1] These authors contributed equally to this work

Note: [2] The Italian Longitudinal Study on Aging Working Group E. Scafato, MD (Scientific Coordinator), G. Farchi, MSc, L. Galluzzo, MA, C. Gandin, MD, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Roma; A. Capurso, MD, F. Panza, MD, PhD, V. Solfrizzi, MD, PhD, V. Lepore, MD, P. Livrea, MD, University of Bari; L. Motta, MD, G. Carnazzo, MD, M. Motta, MD, P. Bentivegna, MD, University of Catania; S. Bonaiuto, MD, G. Cruciani, MD, D. Postacchini, MD, Italian National Research Centre on Aging (INRCA), Fermo; D. Inzitari, MD, L. Amaducci, MD, University of Firenze; A. Di Carlo, MD, M. Baldereschi, MD, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Firenze; C. Gandolfo, MD, M. Conti, MD, University of Genova; N. Canal, MD, M. Franceschi, MD, San Raffaele Institute, Milano; G. Scarlato,MD, L. Candelise, MD, E. Scapini, MD, University of Milano; F. Rengo, MD, P. Abete, MD, F. Cacciatore, MD, University of Napoli; G. Enzi, MD, L. Battistin, MD, G. Sergi, MD, G. Crepaldi, MD, University of Padova; S. Maggi, MD, N. Minicucci, MD, M. Noale, MD, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Aging Section, Padova; F. Grigoletto, ScD, E. Perissinotto, ScD, Institute of Hygiene, University of Padova; P. Carbonin, MD, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome.

Abstract: Coffee, tea, or caffeine consumption may be protective against cognitive impairment and dementia. We estimated the association between change or constant habits in coffee consumption and the incidence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). We evaluated 1,445 individuals recruited from 5,632 subjects, aged 65–84 year old, from the Italian Longitudinal Study on Aging, a population-based sample from eight Italian municipalities with a 3.5-year median follow-up. Cognitively normal older individuals who habitually consumed moderate amount of coffee (from 1 to 2 cups of coffee/day) had a lower rate of the incidence of MCI than those who never or rarely consumed coffee [1 cup/day: hazard ratio (HR): 0.47, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.211 to 1.02 or 1-2 cups/day: HR: 0.31 95% CI: 0.13 to 0.75]. For cognitively normal older subjects who changed their coffee consumption habits, those increasing coffee consumption (>1 cup of coffee/day) had higher rate of the incidence of MCI compared to those with constant habits (up to±1 cup of coffee/day) (HR: 1.80, 95% CI: 1.11 to 2.92) or those with reduced consumption (<1 cup of coffee/day) (HR: 2.17, 95% CI: 1.16 to 4.08). Finally, there was no significant association between subjects with higher levels of coffee consumption (>2 cups of coffee/day) and the incidence of MCI in comparison with those who never or rarely consumed coffee (HR: 0.26, 95% CI: 0.03 to 2.11). In conclusion, cognitively normal older individuals who increased their coffee consumption had a higher rate of developing MCI, while a constant in time moderate coffee consumption was associated to a reduced rate of the incidence of MCI

Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease, caffeine use, coffee consumption, dementia, mild cognitive impairment

DOI: 10.3233/JAD-150333

Journal: Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, vol. 47, no. 4, pp. 889-899, 2015