Clusterin Levels in Plasma Predict Cognitive Decline and Progression to Alzheimer’s Disease

Article type: Research Article

Authors: Jongbloed, Wesley^{a; *} | van Dijk, Karin D.^{c; d} | Mulder, Sandra D.^{a; b} | van de Berg, Wilma D.J.^c | Blankenstein, Marinus A.^a | van der Flier, Wiesje^b | Veerhuis, Robert^{a; e}

Affiliations: [a] Department of Clinical Chemistry, Neurochemistry Laboratory, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands | [b] VUmc Alzheimer Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands | [c] Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Section Functional Neuroanatomy, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands | [d] Department of Neurology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands | [e] Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Correspondence: [*] Correspondence to: Wesley Jongbloed, PhD, Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical Center, P.O. Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Tel.: +31 0204442330; w.jongbloed@vumc.nl

Abstract: Background: Increased clusterin levels have been reported in brain, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and plasma of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients. Because changes are also observed in mild cognitive impairment (MCI), a possible relationship between clusterin levels and early neurodegenerative changes in AD was suggested. Objectives: To determine whether clusterin concentrations could 1) serve as a diagnostic marker for AD, 2) predict disease progression in MCI, and 3) correlate with AD-biomarkers. Methods: Clusterin levels in CSF and plasma, as well as AD biomarker levels of Aβ 42, Tau, and pTau in CSF and Mini-Mental State Examination scores (MMSE) were determined in 67 controls, 50 MCI, and 107 AD patients. Repeated MMSE was obtained for 44 MCI and 72 AD patients after, on average, 2.7 years. Results: Elevated clusterin concentrations in plasma, but not in CSF, were a risk factor for AD (HR 18.6; 95% CI 2.8–122), and related to cognitive decline in MCI (r =−0.38; p <  0.01). An inverse relation between plasma clusterin levels and cognitive decline was observed in AD patients (r = 0.23; p≤0.05). In CSF, but not in plasma, clusterin levels correlated with Tau and pTau in all groups. Conclusion: Elevated plasma clusterin levels in MCI confer an increased risk for progression to AD, and more rapid cognitive decline. We speculate that clusterin levels in CSF may reflect its involvement in the earliest neurodegenerative processes associated with AD pathology. Whereas neither clusterin levels in CSF nor in plasma had diagnostic value, plasma clusterin levels may serve as a prognostic marker for AD.

Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease, apolipoprotein J, biomarker, cerebrospinal fluid, clusterin, disease progression, mild cognitive impairment, plasma

DOI: 10.3233/JAD-150036

Journal: Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, vol. 46, no. 4, pp. 1103-1110, 2015