Caloric Intake, Aging, and Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Population-Based Study

Article type: Research Article

Authors: Geda, Yonas E.^{a; b; c; j; *} | Ragossnig, Marion^d | Roberts, Lewis A.^e | Roberts, Rosebud O.^a | Pankratz, V. Shane^f | Christianson, Teresa J.H.^f | Mielke, Michelle M.^a | Levine, James A.^g | Boeve, Bradley F.^h | Sochor, Ondřej^j | Tangalos, Eric G.ⁱ | Knopman, David S.^h | Petersen, Ronald C.^{a; h}

Affiliations: [a] Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA | [b] Department of Psychiatry & Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA | [c] Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA | [d] Paracelsus Medizinische Privatuniversitat, Salzburg, Austria | [e] Rice University, Houston, TX, USA | [f] Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA | [g] Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA | [h] Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA | [i] Division of Primary Care Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA | [j] International Clinical Research Center, Brno, Czech Republic

Correspondence: [*] Correspondence to: Yonas E. Geda, Collaborative Research Building, Mayo Clinic, 13400 East Shea Blvd, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA. Tel.: +1 480 301 6120; Fax: +1 480 301 7017; E-mail: geda.yonas@mayo.edu.

Abstract: In a population-based case-control study, we examined whether moderate and high caloric intakes are differentially associated with the odds of having mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The sample was derived from the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging in Olmsted County, Minnesota. Non-demented study participants aged 70–92 years (1,072 cognitively normal persons and 161 subjects with MCI) reported their caloric consumption within 1 year of the date of interview by completing a Food Frequency Questionnaire. An expert consensus panel classified each subject as either cognitively normal or having MCI based on published criteria. We conducted multivariable logistic regression analyses to compute odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) after adjusting for age, gender, education, depression, medical comorbidity, and body mass index. We also conducted stratified analyses by apolipoprotein E ε4 genotype status. Analyses were conducted in tertiles of caloric intake: 600 to <1,526 kcals per day (reference group); 1,526 to 2,143 kcals per day (moderate caloric intake group); and >2,143 kcals per day (high caloric intake group). In the primary analysis, there was no significant difference between the moderate caloric intake group and the reference group (OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.53–1.42, p = 0.57). However, high caloric intake was associated with a nearly two-fold increased odds of having MCI (OR 1.96, 95% CI 1.26–3.06, p = 0.003) as compared to the reference group. Therefore, high caloric intake was associated with MCI but not moderate caloric intake. This association is not necessarily a cause-effect relationship.

Keywords: Aging, APOE ε4 genotype, caloric intake, mild cognitive impairment, population-based

DOI: 10.3233/JAD-121270

Journal: Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 501-507, 2013