A Diet Enriched in Polyphenols and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, LMN Diet, Induces Neurogenesis in the Subventricular Zone and Hippocampus of Adult Mouse Brain

Article type: Research Article

Authors: Valente, Tony^{a; *} | Hidalgo, Juan^b | Bolea, Irene^a | Ramirez, Bartolomé^c | Anglés, Neus^c | Reguant, Jordi^c | Morelló, José Ramón^c | Gutiérrez, Cristina^a | Boada, Mercè^d | Unzeta, Mercedes^a

Affiliations: [a] Departament de Bioquimica i Biologia Molecular, Institut de Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Torre M2, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain | [b] Institut de Neurociències, and Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiologia, e Inmunología, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain | [c] La Morella Nuts SA, Reus, Tarragona, Spain | [d] Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Barcelona, Spain

Correspondence: [*] Address for correspondence: Tony Valente, Departament de Bioquimica i Biologia Molecular, Institut de Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Torre M2, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain. Tel.: +34 93 581 1624; Fax: +34 93 581 3861; E-mail: tonyvalente@gmail.com.

Abstract: At present it is widely accepted that there are at least two neurogenic sites in the adult mammalian brain: the subventricular zone (SVZ) of lateral ventricles and the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the hippocampus dentate gyrus. The adult proliferation rate declines with aging and is altered in several neurodegenerative pathologies including Alzheimer's disease. The aim of this work was to study whether a natural diet rich in polyphenols and polyunsaturated fatty acids (LMN diet) can modulate neurogenesis in adult mice and give insight into putative mechanisms. Results with BrdU and PCNA demonstrated that the LMN fed mice had more newly generated cells in the SVZ and SGZ, and those with DCX (undifferentiated neurons) and tyrosine hydroxylase, calretinin, and calbindin (differentiated neurons) immunostainings and western blots demonstrated a significant effect on neuronal populations, strongly supporting a positive role of the LMN diet on adult neurogenesis. In primary rat neuron cultures, the LMN cream dramatically protected against damage caused by both hydrogen peroxide and Aβ1-42, demonstrating a potent antioxidant effect that could play a major role in the normal adult neurogenesis and, moreover, the LMN diet could have a significant effect combating the cognitive function decline during both aging and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease.

Keywords: 129S1/SvImJ mice, adult neurogenesis, diet, hippocampus, olfactory bulb, polyphenols, polyunsaturated fatty acids

DOI: 10.3233/JAD-2009-1188

Journal: Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 849-865, 2009