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Article type: Research Article
Authors: Kim, Tae-Gyua | Kim, Jun-Seokb | Zhang, Haiminc | Kim, Soo-Yongd; *
Affiliations: [a] Major of Marine-Sports, Division of Smart Healthcare, Pukyong National University, Korea | [b] Department of Physical Theray, College of Nursing Healthy care Sciences and Human Ecology, Dong-Eui University, Korea | [c] Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China | [d] Department of Physical Therapy, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea
Correspondence: [*] Corresponding author: Soo-Yong Kim, Department of Physical Therapy, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, 20, Geumo-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Korea. Tel.: +82 55 360 4214; Fax: +82 55 360 4242; E-mail: gasigogi11@naver.com.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: People with forward head posture (FHP) and rounded shoulder posture (RSP) may experience shifts in scapular position and alterations in the strength of the muscles surrounding the scapula. Therefore, a reliable scapula position and scapula muscle strength test are required to identified scapula problem and provided appropriate intervention programs. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the reliability of scapular position measurements obtained using a modified digital inclinometer and palpation meter, as well as muscle strength using a hand-held dynamometer (HHD) in individuals with FHP and RSP. METHODS: Thirty healthy subjects underwent scapular position tests (upward rotation, anterior tilt, depression, and protraction) and strength tests of periscapular muscles (serratus anterior, upper trapezius, middle trapezius, and lower trapezius) on both the dominant and non-dominant sides. The reliability of the measurements was confirmed by computing the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), standard error of measurement (SEM), and minimal clinically important difference (MCID). Test and re-tests were conducted over a period of one week and actual values for each measurement were also obtained and assessed. RESULTS: The ICC ranged from 0.802 to 0.935 for the scapular position tests and from 0.808 to 0.949 for muscle strength tests on the dominant and non-dominant sides. For scapular position tests, SEM values ranged from 0.3 cm to 0.6 cm (protraction and depression), from 1.0∘ to 1.7∘ (upward rotation and anterior tilt) and MCID values ranged from 0.7 cm to 1.6 cm (protraction and depression), from 2.8∘ to 4.7∘ (upward rotation and anterior tilt). Regarding muscle strength tests, SEM and MCID values were in the range 14.4N–27.3N and 39.9N–75.7N, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Scapular position and periscapular muscle strength can be reproducibly measured in healthy subjects individuals with FHP and RSP. These instruments can hence be recommended for evaluating these functional traits in subjects with FHP and RSP.
Keywords: Forward head posture, rounded shoulder posture, scapula position, scapula muscle strength test
DOI: 10.3233/IES-230161
Journal: Isokinetics and Exercise Science, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-8, 2024
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