Affiliations: [a] Program in Physical Therapy, Department of
Kinesiology, Neag School of Education, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT,
USA. Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center,
Farmington, CT, USA. Tel.: +1 860 486 0048; Fax: +1 860 486 1588; E-mail:
Richard.bohannon@uconn.edu
Abstract: This review was conducted to identify, summarize, and discuss
literature purporting to present normative data for measurements obtained using
a hand-held dynamometer (HHD). Relevant literature was identified through
electronic searches of 4 databases: PubMed, Science Citation Index, Scopus and
Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health. Articles identified via the
searches were reviewed to determine if they presented normative data obtained
with a HHD from healthy individuals. Articles were excluded if the data were
not presented within age and gender strata. Data on testing and participant
specifics were retrieved. Fifteen studies presented normative data within age
and gender strata for measurements obtained with a HHD. Norms were presented
for neck flexion and numerous actions at the shoulder, elbow, wrist, fingers,
hip, knee and ankle. Norms were presented for a wide age span- children to
older adults. Many of these norms are compromised. Norms for older adults
(⩾ 80 years) are lacking. Although norms are available,
they should be used with caution. Specifics of testing and samples tested
restrict the applicability of the measures.
