Affiliations: [a] Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain | [b] Department of Nephrology, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain | [c] Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
Correspondence:
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Address for correspondence: Dr. Kannan Sridharan, Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain. E-mail: skannandr@gmail.com
Abstract: BACKGROUND:Renal transplants are often prescribed non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for analgesic purposes. OBJECTIVE:Considering the dearth of data, we carried out the present study to evaluate the use of various NSAIDs and the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) in transplant patients. METHODS:A retrospective study amongst renal transplant patients prescribed at least one dose of NSAID was carried between January and December 2020 at the Department of Nephrology, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Kingdom of Bahrain. The patients’ demographic details, serum creatinine values, and drug-related details were obtained. The Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria were used for defining AKI. RESULTS:Eighty-seven patients were included. Forty-three patients were prescribed diclofenac, 60 received ibuprofen, six received indomethacin, 10 were administered mefenamic acid, and 11 received naproxen. Due to multiple courses of NSAID prescription, a total of 70 prescriptions were identified for diclofenac, 80 for ibuprofen, six for indomethacin, 11 for mefenamic acid, and 16 for naproxen. No significant differences were observed in the absolute (p = 0.08) and percent changes in serum creatinine (p = 0.1) between the NSAIDs. Twenty-eight (15.2%) courses of NSAID therapy met the KDIGO criteria for AKI. Age (OR: 1.1, 95% CI: 1.007, 1.2; p = 0.02), concomitant everolimus (OR: 483, 95% CI: 4.3, 54407; p = 0.01), and mycophenolate + cyclosporine + azathioprine (OR: 63.4E+006, 95% CI: 203.2157 to 19.8E+012; p = 0.005) administration were observed with significant risk of NSAID-induced AKI. CONCLUSION:We observed possible NSAID-induced AKI to an extent of around 15.2% in our renal transplant patients. No significant differences were observed in the incidence of AKI between various NSAIDs and none of them had either graft failure or death.
