Affiliations: School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Note: [] Address for correspondence: Lisa Zadro, School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. E-mail: lisa.zadro@sydney.edu.au
Abstract: Ostracism, the act of being excluded or ignored by another individual or group (Williams, 1997; Williams et al., 2002), is a powerful, pervasive, and complex phenomenon that transcends time and affects individuals throughout their lifespan, with some of the most damaging exclusionary experiences occurring during childhood (Williams, Forgas, & von Hippel, 2005). The current paper: a) discusses some of the problems associated with empirically investigating ostracism with a child sample using the widely used and well-validated ostracism paradigm, Cyberball (Williams, Cheung, & Choi, 2000); b) outlines methodological guidelines designed to improve the effectiveness of using Cyberball to investigate the effects of ostracism in children; and c) discusses a post-Cyberball assessment of primary need-threat that is appropriate for use with a child sample (Primary Needs Questionnaire-Child—PNQ-C; Hawes et al., 2012).
