Affiliations: [a] Department of Computer Science Engineering, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India | [b] Department of Computer Science Engineering (AIML), Jawaharlal Nehru Government Engineering College, Sundernagar, Himachal Pradesh, India | [c] Department of Computer Science, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Amethi, India
Correspondence:
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Corresponding author: Ravi Kumar, Department of Computer Science
Engineering, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India.
E-mail: raviapcse@gmail.com, ravi.42100244@lpu.in. ORCID: 0000-0001-8153-2348.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Polyps are tumorous growths in the colon or rectal area which can turn into cancer at later stages, thus detection of polyps is very important for timely prevention of colorectal cancer. The aim of the study is to develop a framework to accurately detect polyp images in colonoscopy images. OBJECTIVE: Development of an intelligent framework for classification of colorectal cancer from colon and rectal images. The standard machine learning, convolutional neural networks and ensemble models with nature inspired approach were implemented for this study. Model optimization was performed by varying hyper parameters. The main objective was to find an optimal model with high accuracy, optimized weights and less parameters. METHODS: The deep learning Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) models such as VGG19, ResNet50, EfficientNet, Ensemble Model (EM), and Modified Ensemble CNN with Genetic Algorithm (MEGANET) were implemented for the classification of colon images. RESULTS: Ensemble model was also created with two best performing deep learning models to further achieve higher accuracy of 96%. The ensemble model outperformed the other models in terms of accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score. But this model has more complexity. The MEGANET, nature inspired evolutionary ensemble CNN model was implemented with transfer learning and genetic algorithms for weights optimization and parameter reduction. It achieved accuracy of 95%, on training data. CONCLUSION: The MEGANET performed similar to EM with less number of parameters on training, validation and test dataset. In future different methods will be implemented to further reduce the parameters and attain reasonable accuracy using MEGANET.
Keywords: Deep learning, classification, gastrointestinal diseases, colorectal cancer
