Heart sound classification using wavelet scattering transform and support vector machine

Issue title: Machine Learning Based Computational Bioinformatics for Healthcare Big Data

Guest editors: Muhammad Attique Khan, Gaurav Dhiman and Sathishkumar VE

Article type: Research Article

Authors: Shervegar, Vishwanath Madhava

Affiliations: Department of Electronoics & Communication Engineering, Moodlakatte Institute of Technology Kundapura, Moodabidri, Visvesvaraya Technological University, Mudalkatte, Karnataka, India | E-mail: vishwanathm@mitkundapura.com

Correspondence: [*] Corresponding author: Department of Electronoics & Communication Engineering, Moodlakatte Institute of Technology Kundapura, Moodabidri, Visvesvaraya Technological University, Mudalkatte, Karnataka, India. E-mail: vishwanathm@mitkundapura.com.

Abstract: OBJECTIVE: A representation of the sound recordings that are associated with the movement of the entire cardiac structure is termed the Phonocardiogram (PCG) signal. In diagnosing such diverse diseases of the heart, PCG signals are helpful. Nevertheless, as recording PCG signals are prone to several surrounding noises and other disturbing signals, it is a complex task. Thus, prior to being wielded for advanced processing, the PCG signal needs to be denoised. This work proposes an improved heart sound classification by utilizing two-stage Low pass filtering and Wavelet Threshold (WT) technique with subsequent Feature Extraction (FE) using Wavelet Scatter Transform and further classification utilizing the Cubic Polynomial Support Vector Machine (SVM) technique for CVD. METHOD: A computer-aided diagnosis system for CVD detection centered on PCG signal analysis is offered in this work. Initially, by heavily filtering the signal, the raw PCG signals obtained using the database were pre-processed. Then, to remove redundant information and noise, it is denoised via the WT technique. From the denoised PCG, wavelet time scattering features were extracted. After that, by employing SVMs, these features were classified for pathology. RESULTS: For the analysis, the PCG signal obtained from the Physionet dataset was considered. Heavy low-pass filtering utilizing a Low-Pass Butterworth Filter (LPBF) is entailed in the pre-processing step. This removed 98% of the noise inherently present in the signal. Further, the signal strength was ameliorated by denoising it utilizing the WT technique. Promising results with maximum noise removal of up to 99% are exhibited by the method. From the PCG, Wavelet Scattering (WS) features were extracted, which were later wielded to categorize the PCG utilizing SVMs with 99.72% accuracy for different sounds. DISCUSSION: The Classification accuracies are analogized with other classification techniques present in the literature. This technique exhibited propitious outcomes with a 3% improvement in the F1 score when weighed against the top-notch techniques. The improvement in the metrics is attributed to the usage of the pre-processing stage comprising of Low-pass filter and WT method, WS Transform (WST), and SVMs. CONCLUSION: The superiority of the proposed technique is advocated by the comparative investigation with prevailing methodologies. The system revealed that Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) can be implemented with superior methods to achieve high accuracy.

Keywords: Phonocardiogram (PCG), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), Low-Pass Butterworth Filter (LPBF), WS Transform (WST), Feature Extraction (FE)

DOI: 10.3233/IDA-237432

Journal: Intelligent Data Analysis, vol. 27, no. S1, pp. 47-63, 2023