Searching for just a few words should be enough to get started. If you need to make more complex queries, use the tips below to guide you.
Article type: Research Article
Authors: Lucchi, Naomi W.; | Jain, Vidhan | Wilson, Nana O. | Singh, Neeru | Udhayakumar, Venkatachalam; | Stiles, Jonathan K.
Affiliations: Atlanta Research and Education Foundation, Decatur, GA, USA | Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA | National Institute of Malaria Research, Regional Medical Research Center for Tribals, Jabalpur, India | Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
Note: [] Corresponding author: Jonathan K. Stiles, Morehouse School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology, BMSB Room 349D, 720 Westview Dr. SW, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA. Tel.: +1 404 742 1586; Fax: +1 404 752 1179; E-mail: jstiles@msm.edu
Abstract: Biomarkers have been used to diagnose and prognosticate the progress and outcome of many chronic diseases such as neoplastic and non communicable diseases. However, only recently did the field of malaria research move in the direction of actively identifying biomarkers that can accurately discriminate the severe forms of malaria. Malaria continues to be a deadly disease, killing close to a million people (mostly children) every year. One life-threatening complication of malaria is cerebral malaria (CM). Studies carried out in Africa have demonstrated that even with the best treatment, as high as 15–30% of CM patients die and about 10–24% of CM survivors suffer short-or long-term neurological impairment. The transition from mild malaria to CM can be sudden and requires immediate intervention. Currently, there is no biological test available to confirm the diagnosis of CM and its complications. It is hoped that development of biomarkers to identify CM patients and potential risk for adverse outcomes would greatly enhance better intervention and clinical management to improve the outcomes. We review here what is currently known regarding biomarkers for CM outcomes. A Pub Med literature search was performed using the following search terms: "malaria," "cerebral malaria," "biomarkers," "mortality" and "neurological sequelae." This search revealed a paucity of usable biomarkers for CM management. We propose three main areas in which researchers can attempt to identify CM biomarkers: 1) early biomarkers, 2) diagnostic biomarkers and 3) prognostic biomarkers.
Keywords: Biomarkers, cerebral malaria, severe malaria, malaria
DOI: 10.3233/DMA-2011-0854
Journal: Disease Markers, vol. 31, no. 6, pp. 327-335, 2011
IOS Press, Inc.
6751 Tepper Drive
Clifton, VA 20124
USA
Tel: +1 703 830 6300
Fax: +1 703 830 2300
sales@iospress.com
For editorial issues, like the status of your submitted paper or proposals, write to editorial@iospress.nl
IOS Press
Nieuwe Hemweg 6B
1013 BG Amsterdam
The Netherlands
Tel: +31 20 688 3355
Fax: +31 20 687 0091
info@iospress.nl
For editorial issues, permissions, book requests, submissions and proceedings, contact the Amsterdam office info@iospress.nl
Inspirees International (China Office)
Ciyunsi Beili 207(CapitaLand), Bld 1, 7-901
100025, Beijing
China
Free service line: 400 661 8717
Fax: +86 10 8446 7947
china@iospress.cn
For editorial issues, like the status of your submitted paper or proposals, write to editorial@iospress.nl
如果您在出版方面需要帮助或有任何建, 件至: editorial@iospress.nl