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Issue title: Transient Environmental Agents Involved in the Cause of Primary Biliary Cirrhosis
Article type: Research Article
Authors: Kumagi, Teru | Abe, Masanori | Ikeda, Yoshiou | Hiasa, Yoichi
Affiliations: Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
Note: [] Corresponding author: Teru Kumagi, MD, Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan; Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan. Tel.: +81 89 960 5308; Fax: +81 89 960 5310; E-mail: terukuma@m.ehime-u.ac.jp
Abstract: Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is a chronic and slowly progressive cholestatic liver disease of autoimmune etiology, characterized by injury of the intrahepatic bile ducts that may eventually lead to cirrhosis and liver failure. Evidence suggests cardinal roles for both environmental factors and genetic susceptibility. Nevertheless, the absolute etiology of PBC is unclear, despite recent well-designed case-control studies that reported environmental risk factors, including infectious agents, for PBC. Of the reported infectious agents, some of them are not reproducible and remain controversial. However, infection is no doubt one of the major risks among the environmental factors. This is supported by the fact that infectious agents in autoimmune diseases express antigens resulting in molecular mimicry and xenobiotics that play a role in breaking tolerance. Taken together, recent findings from genome wide assays as well as novel animal models may enable us to better understand the mechanism of pathogenesis responsible for this disease.
Keywords: Primary biliary cirrhosis, risk factors, infectious agents, xenobiotics
DOI: 10.3233/DMA-2010-0747
Journal: Disease Markers, vol. 29, no. 6, pp. 313-321, 2010
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