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Issue title: Epigenetic Markers
Article type: Research Article
Authors: Kerr, Keith M. | Galler, Janice S. | Hagen, Jeffrey A. | Laird, Peter W.; | Laird-Offringa, Ite A.;
Affiliations: Department of Pathology, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Link Building, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZN, UK | Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1441 Eastlake Ave. Rm NOR6420, Los Angeles, CA 90089-9176, USA | Department of Surgery, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1441 Eastlake Ave. Rm NOR6420, Los Angeles, CA 90089-9176, USA
Note: [] Corresponding author: Ite A. Laird-Offringa, Ph.D., USC/Norris Cancer Center, 1441 Eastlake Ave. Rm NOR6420, Los Angeles, CA 90089-9176, USA. Tel.: +1 323 865 0655; Fax: +1 323 865 0158; E-mail: ilaird@usc.edu
Abstract: Lung cancer, caused by smoking in ∼87% of cases, is the leading cause of cancer death in the United States and Western Europe. Adenocarcinoma is now the most common type of lung cancer in men and women in the United States, and the histological subtype most frequently seen in never-smokers and former smokers. The increasing frequency of adenocarcinoma, which occurs more peripherally in the lung, is thought to be at least partially related to modifications in cigarette manufacturing that have led to a change in the depth of smoke inhalation. The rising incidence of lung adenocarcinoma and its lethal nature underline the importance of understanding the development and progression of this disease. Alterations in DNA methylation are recognized as key epigenetic changes in cancer, contributing to chromosomal instability through global hypomethylation, and aberrant gene expression through alterations in the methylation levels at promoter CpG islands. The identification of sequential changes in DNA methylation during progression and metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma, and the elucidation of their interplay with genetic changes, will broaden our molecular understanding of this disease, providing insights that may be applicable to the development of targeted drugs, as well as powerful markers for early detection and patient classification.
Keywords: AAH, adenocarcinoma, BAC, CpG island, DNA methylation, hypermethylation, hypomethylation
Journal: Disease Markers, vol. 23, no. 1-2, pp. 5-30, 2007
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