Modulation of pulmonary oxidative status in methamphetamine-withdrawn rats, comparing the effects of continuous training and NBS superfood supplementation
Affiliations: [a]
Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| [b]
Department of Sport Physiology, Faculty of Human Sciences, Borujerd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Borujerd, Iran
| [c] Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
Correspondence:
[*]
Corresponding author: Negin Kordi. Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran. E-mail: n.kordi@razi.ac.ir.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE:This study aimed to investigate the effects of six weeks of continuous training and Nutrition Bio-shield (NBS) Superfood Supplementation on the state of oxidative stress by the expression of Nrf2, NOX4, superoxide dismutase, and malondialdehyde genes in the lungs of rats after methamphetamine withdrawal. METHODS:Forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups (n = 8, per group), undergoing methamphetamine administration (six weeks, 5 mg/kg ip, and once per day) followed by a 21-day withdrawal period. The rats were supplemented NBS superfood at a dosage of 25 g/kg per day for six weeks. The training protocol was 30 minutes of daily continuous training (treadmill running), five days a week for six weeks. The regimen escalated from a pace of 3 m/min for the initial 5 minutes, to 5 m/min for the following 5 minutes, culminating at 8 m/min for the remainder of the session, all at a 0° incline. A one-way analysis of variance was performed to analyze the gene expression of Nrf2, NOX4, MDA, and SOD in the lungs tissue of rats. RESULTS:The results indicated that, in the experimental groups which underwent continuous training and NBS Superfood supplementation, the expression of the Nrf2 gene exhibited a significant elevation compared to the control group (P < 0.05), while the NOX4, MDA, and SOD genes expression exhibited a significant decline in comparison to the control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION:In general, both exercise interventions and NBS superfood supplementation, when employed separately or in combination after methamphetamine withdrawal, can enhance the state of oxidative stress in the lung.
