Effect of short-term administration of lipid emulsion on endothelial glycocalyx integrity in ICU patients – A microvascular and biochemical pilot study

Article type: Research Article

Authors: Astapenko, David^{a; b} | Turek, Zdenek^a | Dostal, Pavel^a | Hyspler, Radomir^{b; c} | Ticha, Alena^{b; c} | Kaska, Milan^d | Zadak, Zdenek^b | Skulec, Roman^e | Lehmann, Christian^f | Cerny, Vladimir^{a; b; e; f; *}

Affiliations: [a] Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic | [b] Centre for Research and Development, University Hospital of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic | [c] Departement of Clinical Biochemistry Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic | [d] Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic | [e] Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care, J. E. Purkinje University, Masaryk Hospital, Usti nad Labem, Czech Republic | [f] Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada

Correspondence: [*] Corresponding author: Prof. Vladimir Cerny, M.D., Ph.D., FCCM, Centre for Research and Development, University Hospital of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic Sokolska 581, 500005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic. Tel.: +420 602492054; Fax: +420 495832022; E-mail: cernyvla1960@gmail.com.

Abstract: BACKGROUND:Endothelial glycocalyx (EG) is a carbohydrate-rich vascular lining of the apical surface of endothelial cells. It has been proved to have an essential role in vascular homeostasis. Lipid emulsions as part of parenteral nutrition (PN) are widely used in patients in the setting of critical care and perioperative medicine. Due to their structure, lipids may potentially interact with EG. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of lipid emulsion on EG. OBJECTIVE:To assess the influence of lipid emulsion on EG integrity in ICU patients using a videomicroscopic and biochemical methods. METHODS:Patients in surgical ICU after major abdominal surgery or cardio surgery and in general ICU were assessed for eligibility for this pilot observational study in University Hospital. The study was performed during the first day of adding lipids as a part of their PN. The patients were given the SMOFlipid 20% for 6 hours in prescribed dose of approx. 1 g/kg of body weight. EG integrity was measured indirectly by automated sublingual videomicroscopy calculating a parameter PBR which describes the amount of lateral deviation of red blood cells from the central column and by levels of syndecan-1 and syndecan-4 in plasma as EG degradational products. Measurements were performed before lipid administration (T0) and 30 minutes after (T6) the infusion of lipid emulsion was completed. The statistical analysis was performed at the level of significance p < 0.05, data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD) and for PBR as median and interquartile range (IQR). RESULTS:Fifteen patients were studied, from them 9 included in final analysis. PBR (expressed in μm) increased after the lipid infusion with no statistical significance (T0 = 2.10; 1.97–2.33 vs. 2.28; 2.11–2.45, p = 0.13). At T6 both syndecans showed statistically significant decrease in their particular levels. Syndecan–1 at T0 = 2580±1013 ng/l, resp. at T6 = 2365±1077 ng/l, p = 0.02; syndecan–4 at T0 = 134±29 ng/l, resp. at T6 = 123±43 ng/l, p = 0.04. CONCLUSION:In our study, we showed that six hours long SMOFlipid 20% infusion had no detrimental effect on the EG integrity as assessed by PBR value and by syndecan-1 and syndecan-4 plasmatic levels. Observed decrease of syndecans shortly after lipid infusion allows us to hypothesize even possibly protecting effect of lipids on EG.

Keywords: Endothelial glycocalyx, lipid emulsion, syndecan-1, syndecan-4, perfused boundary region, critically ill

DOI: 10.3233/CH-190564

Journal: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 73, no. 2, pp. 329-339, 2019