Affiliations: Department of Biomaterials Science, University of Turku, Turku, Finland | Biocity Turku Biomaterials Research Program, Turku Clinical Biomaterial Centre, Turku, Finland | Department of Otorhinolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland | Materials Science Unit, Division of Oral Biosciences, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland | Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
Note: [] Address for correspondence: J. Rekola, Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520 Turku, Finland. Tel.: +358 2 3130000; E-mail: jaerre@utu.fi
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Wood has been used as a model material for the development of novel fiber-reinforced composite bone substitute biomaterials. In previous studies heat treatment of wood was perceived to significantly increase the osteoconductivity of implanted wood material. AIM: The objective of this study was to examine some of the changing attributes of wood materials that may contribute to improved biological responses gained with heat treatment. METHODS: Untreated and 140°C and 200°C heat-treated downy birch (Betula pubescens Ehrh.) were used as the wood materials. Surface roughness and the effect of pre-measurement grinding were measured with contact and non-contact profilometry. Liquid interaction was assessed with a dipping test using two manufactured liquids (simulated blood) as well as human blood. SEM was used to visualize possible heat treatment-induced changes in the hierarchical structure of wood. RESULTS: The surface roughness was observed to significantly decrease with heat treatment. Grinding methods had more influence on the surface contour and roughness than heat treatment. The penetration of the human blood in the 200°C heat-treated exceeded that in the untreated and 140°C heat-treated materials. SEM showed no significant change due to heat treatment in the dry-state morphology of the wood. DISCUSSION: The results of the liquid penetration test support previous findings in literature concerning the effects of heat treatment on the biological response to implanted wood. Heat-treatment has only a marginal effect on the surface contour of wood. The highly specialized liquid conveyance system of wood may serve as a biomimetic model for the further development of tailored fiber-composite materials.
