Affiliations: Department of Health Services Research and School of Dentistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
Note: [] Address for correspondence: Sabeel P. Valappil, Department of Health Services Research and School of Dentistry, University of Liverpool, Research Wing, Daulby Street, Liverpool, L69 3GN, UK. Tel.: +44 151 706 5299; Fax: +44 151 706 5809; E-mail: S.Valappil@liv.ac.uk
Abstract: Gallium and silver incorporated phosphate-based glasses were evaluated for antibacterial effect on the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which is a leading cause of opportunistic infections. The glasses were produced by conventional melt quenching methods at 1100°C for 1 h. Glass degradation studies were conducted by weight loss method. Disc diffusion assay and cell viability assay displayed statistically significant (p≤0.0005) effect on P. aeruginosa growth which increased with decreasing calcium content in the glasses. The gallium ion release rates (1.83, 0.69 and 0.48 ppm·h−1) and silver ion release rates (2.97, 2.84 and 2.47 ppm·h−1) were found to account for this variation. Constant depth film fermentor was used to evaluate the anti-biofilm properties of the glasses. Both gallium and silver in the glass contributed to biofilm growth inhibitory effect on P. aeruginosa (up to 2.68 reduction in log 10 values of the viable counts compared with controls). The glasses were found to deliver gallium and silver in a controlled way and exerted cumulative antibacterial action on planktonic and biofilm growth of P. aeruginosa. The antibacterial, especially anti-biofilm, properties of the gallium and silver incorporated phosphate-based glasses make them a potential candidate to combat infections caused by P. aeruginosa.
