Affiliations: School of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Medical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia | Forming Technology, Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology, 71, Nanyang Drive, Singapore 638075
Note: [] Corresponding author: Prof. Prasad K.D.V. Yarlagadda, School of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Medical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane Q 4001, Australia. Tel.: +61 7 3864 2423; Fax: +61 7 3864 1469; E‐mail: y.prasad@qut.edu.au.
Abstract: A bio‐scaffold can be broadly termed as a structure used to substitute an organ either permanently or temporarily to restore functionality. The material that can be used varies with the application intended. Tissue engineering is one such application demanding certain requirements to be met before it is applied. One of the applications in tissue engineering is the tissue scaffold, which provides either a permanent or temporary support to the damaged tissues/organ until the functionalities are restored. A biomaterial can exhibit specific interactions with cells that will lead to stereotyped responses. The use of a particular material and morphology depends on various factors such as osteoinduction, osteoconduction, angiogenesis, growth rates of cells and degradation rate of the material in case of temporary scaffolds, etc. The current work reviews the state of art in tissue scaffolds and focuses on permanent scaffold materials and applications with a brief overview of temporary scaffold materials and their disadvantages.
Keywords: Tissue scaffolding, titanium, bioactive materials, bone reconstruction
