Affiliations: [a] Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Regenerative and Transplant Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medicine and Dental Science, Niigata, Japan | [b] Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Niigata Rehabilitation Hospital, Niigata, Japan | [c] Department of Health and Sports, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
Correspondence:
[*]
Corresponding author: Tomoharu Mochizuki, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Regenerative and Transplant Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medicine and Dental Science, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori Chuo-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 951-8510, Japan. Tel.: +81 25 227 2272; E-mail: tommochi121710@gmail.com
Abstract: BACKGROUND:The postoperative varus/valgus stability assessment in stress X-rays has been established as an evaluation index. However, it is performed by the two-dimensional (2D) method rather than the three-dimensional (3D) method. OBJECTIVE:This study aimed to identify the precision and reproducibility of measuring varus/valgus stress X-rays three-dimensionally and to examine varus/valgus stability under anesthesia in imageless robotic assisted total knee arthroplasty (rTKA). METHODS:This prospective study analyzed 52 consecutive rTKAs (five males, 67 ± 5.3 years; 47 females, 74 ± 5.9 years). Postoperative varus/valgus stress X-rays in knee extension under anesthesia at manual maximum stress were three-dimensionally assessed by 2D–3D image matching technique using the 3D bone and component models. Varus/valgus angle between components (VV angle) in no stress, valgus stress, varus stress, medial joint opening (MJO), and lateral joint opening (LJO) were evaluated, clarifying this method’s precision and reproducibility and valgus/varus stability. RESULTS:All parameters’ precision and reproducibility had <1° mean differences and high intra- and inter-class correlation coefficients. Bland–Altman plots showed no fixed and proportional bias. Non-stress VV angle, valgus VV angle, varus VV angle, MJO, and LJO were 3.6 ± 1.2°, 1.0 ± 1.4°, 7.1 ± 1.9°, 1.5 ± 1.0 mm, and 2.8 ± 2.7 mm, respectively. CONCLUSION:This prospective study demonstrated that (1) the three-dimensional measurement method provided sufficient precision and reproducibility, and (2) the rTKAs could achieve good postoperative varus/valgus stability with a small standard deviation.
Keywords: Robotic total knee arthroplasty, stress X ray, 2D–3D image matching technique, precision, reproducibility
