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Growth characteristics of different heart cells on novel nanopatch substrate during electrical stimulation

Issue title: Frontiers in Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology – Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology, 25–28 September 2014, Beijing, China

Article type: Research Article

Authors: Stout, David A.; ; | Raimondo, Emilia | Marostica, Giuliano | Webster, Thomas J.

Affiliations: Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Brown University, 184 Hope St., Box D, Providence RI 02906, USA | Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, California State University, Long Beach, 1250 Bellflower Blvd., Long Beach CA 90840, USA | Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, 91 Waterman Street Providence RI 02912, USA | Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave., Boston MA 02115, USA

Note: [] Corresponding author: David A. Stout, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, California State University, Long Beach, 1250 Bellflower Blvd., Long Beach CA 90840, USA. Tel.: +1 562 985 1502; Fax: +1 562 985 4408; E-mail: david_stout@brown.edu/david.stout@csulb.edu.

Keywords: Nanomaterials, cardiomyocyte, fibroblast, cardiovascular patch, carbon nanofiber

DOI: 10.3233/BME-141020

Journal: Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering, vol. 24, no. 6, pp. 2101-2107, 2014

Published: 2014
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Abstract

During a heart attack, the heart's oxygen supply is cut off, and cardiomyocytes perish. Unfortunately, once these tissues are lost, they cannot be replaced and results in cardiovascular disease–the leading cause of deaths worldwide. Advancements in medical research have been targeted to understand and combat the death of these cardiomyocytes. For example, new research (in vitro) has demonstrated that one can expand cardiomyocyte adhesion and proliferation using polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) (50:50 (weight percent)) supplemented with carbon nanofibers (CNFs) to create a cardiovascular patch. However, the examination of other cardiovascular cell types has not been investigated. Therefore, the purpose of this present in vitro study was to determine cell growth characteristics of three different important cardiovascular cell types (aortic endothelial, fibroblast and cardiomyocyte) onto the substrate. Cells were seeded onto different PLGA:CNF ratio composites to determine if CNF density has an effect on cell growth, both in static and electrically stimulated environments. During continuous electrical stimulation (rectangle, 2 nm, 5 V/cm, 1 Hz), cardiomyocyte cell density increased in comparison to its static counterparts after 24, 72 and 120 hours. A minor rise in Troponin I excretion in electrical stimulation compared to static conditions indicated nominal cardiomyocyte cell function during cell experiments. Endothelial and fibroblast cell growth experiments indicated the material hindered or stalled proliferation during both static and electrical stimulation experiments, thus supporting the growth of cardiomyocytes onto the dead tissue zone. Furthermore, the results specified that CNF density did have an effect on PLGA:CNF composite cytocompatibility properties with the best results coming from the 50:50 [PLGA:CNF (weight percent:weight percent)] composite. Therefore, this study provides further evidence that a conductive scaffold using nanotechnology should be further research for various cardiovascular applications.

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