Justification of Reclamative Watershed Regimes of the Forest-steppe Zone of the Western Part of the Republic of Bashkortostan with Regard to Their Provision with Heat and Moisture
Abstract: The methods used for the research are based on modern techniques of watershed mapping represented by catenas and facies; of the numerical solution of two-dimensional catenas equation of moisture transfer in the unsaturated zone and in the zone of complete water saturation; of the crop productivity calculation, depending on the provision with heat and moisture; and on the classification of the watershed catenas by the natural and climatic indicators of their landscapes. The paper presents a model of the stable watershed functioning, which allows to determine environmentally safe reclamative regimes taking into account the provision of landscapes with heat and moisture. This paper also presents the results of predictive calculations and their verification with the data of field experiments. There was made a detailed classification of watershed catenas and facies of the forest-steppe zone of the Western part of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The method of environmentally appropriate reclamative regimes was developed, and there was determined the dependence of water input on the hydrothermal index and humidity factor. For the catenas of the forest-steppe zone reclamation of eluvial facies of watershed catenas is recommended, the optimal irrigation rate being 60 mm. It’s recommended the drainage of superaqual facies with the optimal drainage rate up to q.75 m. As a result, the relative productivity of eluval facies by 1.5 times, that of the transit facies – by 1.29 times and of superaqual – in 3.2 times.
Keywords: Reclamation regime, water regime, watershed, landscape zone, heat provision, natural and climatic indicators, physiographic zoning, irrigation rate
