Affiliations: School of Agriculture, Soil and Water Science
Department, University of Sulaimani, Kurdistan-Iraq School of Marine Science
and Engineering, University of Plymouth Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK | College of Science, University of Salahaddin,
Irbil-Kurdistan-Iraq
Abstract: Ground water plays a number of very important roles in our
environment and in our economies. In the environment it supports rivers, lakes
and wetlands, especially through drier months when there is little direct input
from rainfall. The flow of ground water into rivers as seepage through the
river bed, known as base-flow, can be essential to the health of wildlife and
plants that live in the water. A six months monitoring study on several water
sources in Halabja-Sulaimani have been conducted. The field works commenced
according to a regular schedule twice per month, starting in June and ending in
November 2007. The physical and bacteriological evaluation of the well waters
in the present study is based on standards given for drinking water by the
World Health Organization guidelines. Waters in all sources were saturated by
oxygen and healthy with regard to biological oxygen demand. An evaluation of
general water chemistry indicated spatio-temporal changes between studied well
waters. In all investigated sites, cations were dominated by calcium followed
by magnesium, sodium and potassium in order of decreasing concentrations.
Keywords: Halabja, water pollution, heavy metal, BOD[TeX:] _5, MPN
