Abstract: Fluoride, as a dissolved constituent of drinking water, is perhaps
the only substance providing divergent health effects on the consumer depending
upon the relative proportions they are present in. While a fluoride
concentration in the range of 0.8 to 1.20 mg/L is considered to be beneficial,
concentration above 1.5 mg/L are reported to be harmful to the teeth and bone
structure of human and animals. As excess fluoride (>1.5 mg/L) in drinking
water is harmful to the human health, necessary removal of excess fluoride is
required. This has led to the development of several defluoridation methods. In
this backdrop several different mechanisms that is conventional and
non-conventional methods have been developed for defluoridation particularly of
ground water. This research work highlights a bench scale model, to experiment
different defluoridation techniques such as Nalgonda Technique, Bone Charcoal
and Activated Alumina adsorption process, cement, sand-cement, concrete granule
filtration process and herbal coagulation flocculation adsorption process. This
study deals with the working principle of the processes mentioned above and
comparative study of the individual processes.
