Affiliations: Laboratorio di Patologia Cellulare, Istituto Cantonale di Patologia, Locarno, Switzerland | Istituto di Studi Scientifici Interdisciplinari, Locarno, Switzerland
Note: [] Corresponding author: Gabriele A. Losa, Laboratorio di Patologia Cellulare, Istituto Cantonale di Patologia, v. in Selva 24, 6600 Locarno 1, Switzerland. Tel.: +41 91 7562680; Fax: +41 91 7562691; E‐mail: glosa@guest.cscs.ch.
Abstract: Fractal morphometry was used to investigate the ultrastructural features of the plasma membrane, perinuclear membrane and nuclear chromatin in SK‐BR‐3 human breast cancer cells undergoing apoptosis. Cells were incubated with 1 μM calcimycin (A23187) for 24 h. Cells in the early stage of apoptosis had fractal dimension (FD) values indicating that their plasma membranes were less rough (lower FD) than those of control cells, while their perinuclear membranes were unaffected. Changes of the chromatin texture within the entire nucleus and in selected nuclear domains were more pronounced in treated cells. This confirms that the morphological reorganization imputable to a loss of structural complexity (reduced FD) occurs in the early stage of apoptosis, is accompanied by the inhibition of distinct enzymatic events and precedes the onset of conventional cellular markers, which can only be detected during the active phases of the apoptotic process.
Keywords: Apoptosis, breast cancer cells, electron microscopy, fractal dimension, gray level tresholding segmentation, nuclear chromatin, flow cytometry, acidic sphingomyelinase, γ‐glutamyltransferase
