Journal of X-Ray Science and Technology - Volume 28, issue 2

Authors: Zhang, Shuqing | Gu, Xiaowen | Liu, Jia | Kumar PS, Sanjeev | Fang, Xiangming | Yin, Jianbing | Jiang, Jianqin | Qian, Cheng | Hu, Xiaoyun | Cui, Lei

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the measurement reproducibility of the maximum diameter on MRI routine sequence (T1 WI, T2 WI, DWI) and CT in peripheral and central lung cancer, and to provide reference standard for evaluating treatment responses for lung cancer. METHODS: 53 patients with lung cancer underwent CT and 3.0T MR scanning. The maximum diameter was measured according to the RECIST1.1 standard on images of CT (lung and enhanced mediastinal window), MRI T2 -BLADE, axial T1 -VIBE and DWIb0 , DWIb300 , DWIb800 , respectively. The reproducibility of the diameters was analyzed with intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and the …distribution of measurement points with the Bland-Altman method. The difference analysis was assessed by paired samples t -test and nonparametric rank sum test, P  < 0.05 is considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Reproducibility of diameters derived from routine MRI and CT was good (ICC > 0.75). For peripheral lung cancer, there was no significant difference in diameters between CT and MRI. While for central lung cancer, there was significant difference in diameters measured between using CT and each MRI sequence. However, the diameters derived from T1 -VIBE and T2 -BLADE were not significantly different from all DWI sequences. CONCLUSIONS: For peripheral lung cancer, the measurement on CT and routine MRI sequences can potentially replace each other after comprehensive consideration of examination purposes, but for central lung cancer, alternative use of CT and MRI in evaluating treatment responses for lung cancer should needs extra attention. The diameter measurement of lung cancer on DWI is consistent with that on T1 WI and T2 WI, suggesting that DWI can provide functional and morphological information. Show more

Keywords: Lung cancer, computed tomography, MRI, diameter

DOI: 10.3233/XST-190613

Citation: Journal of X-Ray Science and Technology, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 333-344, 2020

Authors: Li, Xiaohu | Li, Zhijie | Li, Jianying | Song, Jian | Yu, Yongqiang | Liu, Bin

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the value of optimizing non-contrast head imaging tasks by using the multiple virtual monochromatic spectral imaging (VMSI) sets in dual-energy spectral computed tomography (CT) and determine the optimal energy levels for various tasks in imaging head. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study includes 55 patients (29 women and 26 men, average age of 54.5±12.3years) who underwent non-contrast head CT in spectral imaging mode. For each patient, 21 VMSI sets from 40 to 140 keV at 5 keV intervals and 120 kVp-like image were reconstructed. Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM), contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) …between GM and WM, subcalvarial artifact index (SAI) and posterior fossa artifact index (PFAI) were measured by placing regions-of-interest (ROIs) in nine areas of the brain. Two radiologists subjectively rated the image quality in terms of GM-WM differentiation, beam hardening artifacts in the subcalvarial space, and posterior fossa. The overall image noise was evaluated using a 5-point Likert scale. Measurement data were then statistically analyzed. RESULTS: The optimal energy level for viewing the supratentorial brain and reducing beam hardening artifacts in the subcalvarial space and posterior fossa was 65 keV and 75 keV, respectively. All corresponding measurements at these energy levels were significantly better than those measured at other energy levels (all P  < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Dual-energy spectral CT imaging provides a set of virtual monochromatic spectral imaging and can be selected on-demand to optimize the imaging tasks in non-contrast head CT. VMSI reconstruction of dual-energy unenhanced head CT scans at 65–75 keV enables to maximize image quality. Show more

Keywords: Signal-to-noise ratio, computed tomography x-ray, artifact

DOI: 10.3233/XST-190617

Citation: Journal of X-Ray Science and Technology, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 345-356, 2020

Authors: Zhang, Zejian | Zhang, Yixiang | Wang, Xisheng | Fang, Liekui | Chen, Dong | Peng, Naixiong | Thakker, Parth | Wang, Qinjun | Zhang, Yuanyuan

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: INTRODUCTION: To report the management and outcome of one case of pediatric patient sustaining high-grade blunt renal trauma. We present and discuss the clinical characteristics and radiologic features of the patient. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A 10 years old child was admitted for serious blunt renal trauma formed a huge urinoma in the right renal after injury gradually in 2018. We treated the patient with synchronous percutaneous nephrostomy drainage and retrograde ureteral catheterization. A retrospective review was performed of this case, including the clinical features, imaging studies and short-term follow-up. A literature review was also performed to highlight the …principals of diagnosis and treatment of severe blunt renal trauma in children. RESULTS: After drainage, the symptoms of abdominal distension gradually disappeared, and the physical examination shows that the abdomen gradually reduced to normal. The huge urinoma was cured by synchronous drainge. No complications occurred in short-term follow-up. COMMENTS: The choice of surgical treatment is based on the degree and location of renal trauma. Grade IV injuries are a heterogeneous group and management should be tailored to the patient, especially among pediatric patients. Persistent urinary extravasation and/or symptomatic urinoma is a common complication of high-grade renal trauma, which will be amenable to ureteral stent placement or percutaneous drainage. For huge urinoma, synchronous percutaneous nephrostomy drainage and retrograde ureteral catheterization can relieve symptoms quickly. Show more

Keywords: Renal Trauma, Grade IV laceration, Pediatric, Urinoma, Percutaneous drainage

DOI: 10.3233/XST-190611

Citation: Journal of X-Ray Science and Technology, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 357-367, 2020