Journal of Pediatric Infectious Diseases - Volume 5, issue 1

Authors: Haydushka, Irina A. | Martínez-Martinez, Luis | Markova, Nadya | Genova, Silvia N. | Kantardjiev, Todor V. | alero-Guillen, Pedro L. V

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: A premature child was born at 34–35 weeks gestation with aspiration of amniotic fluid. Rupture of the amniotic sac occurred 3 day before delivery. Two days later the child died. From the lungs, after 24 hours cultivation on blood agar, a pure culture of small yellow pigmented colonies was isolated. All other organs remained sterile. Gram stain revealed Gram-positive rods. The strain was catalase positive and motile. The phospholipid and fatty acid compositions were studied. Final …identification was done using ApiCoryne (BioMerieux) and the strain was proved as Oerskovia xanthineolytica. Disk diffusion and E test were performed for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. The strain was susceptible to vancomycin, imipenem and cotrimoxazole. This report demonstrates the first fatal case with isolation of this microorganism from the lungs of newborn. Show more

Keywords: Oerskovia xanthineolytica, pneumonia, newborn

DOI: 10.3233/JPI-2010-0212

Citation: Journal of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 83-86, 2010

Authors: Solomons, Regan | van Toorn, Ronald | Schoeman, Johan F.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: We describe the crossed syndromes of Millard-Gubler (facial palsy and contralateral hemiparesis) and Weber (oculomotor palsy and contralateral hemiparesis) in two children with tuberculous meningitis. The magnetic resonance imaging delineated the pathology in both cases and response to therapy proved favorable. In both children the cranial neuropathies resolved whilst the hemiparesis persisted. The cases highlight the importance of considering neurotuberculosis as a cause of hemiplegia alternans in endemic tuberculosis areas.

Keywords: Hemiplegia alternans, millard-Gubler syndrome, weber's syndrome, tuberculoma, tuberculous meningitis

DOI: 10.3233/JPI-2010-0209

Citation: Journal of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 87-90, 2010

Authors: Nandi, Madhumita | Ganguli, Suhas K. | Mondal, Rakesh K. | Dutta, Supratim | Mukherjee, Krishnendu

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis comes under the category of histiocytosis type II. It can be of two types, namely familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and infection associated hemophagocytic syndrome. The latter is commonly associated with viral infections. Infection with other agents may also cause this syndrome. We report a case of infection associated hemophagocytic syndrome in childhood tuberculosis, a rarity in Indian as well as world literature.

Keywords: Tuberculosis, hemophagocytosis, histiocytosis

DOI: 10.3233/JPI-2010-0213

Citation: Journal of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 91-94, 2010

Authors: Zaraa, Ines | Robbena, Feriel | Zakraoui, Hela | Trojjet, Sondes | Mokni, Mourad | Osman, Amel Ben

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Herpes zoster is the clinical consequence of a late reactivation of the varicella zoster virus. It infects mainly the elderly, pediatric cases are uncommon, usually observed in immunocompromised children. We report an unusual clinical presentation of disseminated cutaneous herpes zoster in immunocompetent infant without history of chickenpox but with positive history of maternal varicella during pregnancy. A 22-month-old male infant was addressed to our department because of a history of crops of vesicular eruption …on the thoracic area. This infant did not have a history of postnatal varicella, and his mother had acquired varicella infection during the 8th month of pregnancy. Physical examination showed many crops of vesicular lesions grouped on the left scapular area with some disseminated vesicular lesions present on the trunk and the four extremities. Intravenous acyclovir was administrated with total recovery 10 days later. Disseminated cutaneous varicella zoster virus in infancy is exceptional; few cases were reported in the literature. The dissemination is rare in healthy patients; it is more common in immunocompromised patients and likely to be complicated with visceral or neurologic involvement, but in healthy patients, the course is usually benign and not associated with high morbidity as in our case. Show more

Keywords: Herpes zoster, varicella, children

DOI: 10.3233/JPI-2010-0210

Citation: Journal of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 95-98, 2010

Authors: Acun, Ceyda | Keiser, John F. | Aly, Hany

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Early-onset group B streptococcus (GBS) is transmitted vertically from the birth canal of colonized mothers. The mode of transmission of late-onset GBS is less clear, although it is believed to reflect a delayed infection after early colonization from either vertical or horizontal transmission. We present a premature female infant whose mother was GBS negative at the time of delivery but later had GBS bacteriuria in postpartum. The infant had an initial blood culture and multiple weekly …nasal surveillance cultures that were all negative for GBS. The infant's nasal culture grew GBS after 25 days, 1 day after she had signs of sepsis and her blood grew GBS. This is the first case in preterm infants to demonstrate the horizontal transmission of late-onset GBS bacteremia without the need for early-onset colonization. Show more

Keywords: Late-onset GBS infection, newborn, preterm

DOI: 10.3233/JPI-2010-0214

Citation: Journal of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 99-101, 2010

Authors: Gupta, Varsha | Kaur, Jaspal | Gupta, Ravi | Gupta, Parmanand | Chander, Jagdish

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Salmonella osteomyelitis usually develops in immunocompromised patients, mostly in the ones with sickle cell disease. Two cases of bone and joint infections due to Salmonella typhi in Bone marrow aspiration cytology stained by Wright stain demonstrated presence otherwise healthy children are being reported to highlight the unusual presentation of this organism. Salmonella etiology was not suspected and diagnosis was made only after culture isolation. Both were treated successfully with antibiotics.

Keywords: Bone and joint infections, children, Salmonella typhi

DOI: 10.3233/JPI-2010-0215

Citation: Journal of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 103-106, 2010

Authors: Bezrodnik, Liliana | Di Giovanni, Daniela | De Matteo, Elena | Maglio, Silvana | Cerqueiro, Cristina

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease is a rare syndrome, which results in predisposition to clinical disease caused by poorly virulent mycobacterial species such as the bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccines and nontuberculous environmental mycobacteria. Such patients are also susceptible to virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis but rarely present other unusual infectious diseases, with the exception of nontyphoid Salmonella, which can affect around half of them. We report a boy with a novel interleukin-12 receptor beta …1 deficiency, who developed BCG-osis and an inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor when he was 11 months. Clinically IL12 deficiency should be considered in genetic diagnosis of patients with an inherited IL12/INFγ axis and thymus affected. We do not know if the novel genetic diagnosis of our patient could be a factor of development of thymus lesion. Show more

Keywords: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, salmonella, IL12 deficiency, thymus, genetic syndrome

DOI: 10.3233/JPI-2010-0211

Citation: Journal of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 107-110, 2010

Authors: Raynova, Iskra G. | Kaleva, Valeria I.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Toxocariasis is usually manifested as a visceral larva migrans and is a rarely reported disease in many countries worldwide. In this report, we describe six cases of children, who were hospitalized due to iron deficiency anemia. In the course of their hospitalization, high eosinophilic pleocytosis in peripheral blood was detected and subsequent serological testing for toxocariasis revealed positive results. Laboratory tests were carried out for all 6 patients with two methods-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay IgG and …Western blot. Improvement in the clinical and laboratory results was achieved using two courses of albendazole, anti-anemic drugs and vitamins. Regarding this issue, we consider that in the differential diagnosis of severe anemia in children toxocariasis should be included. Show more

Keywords: Toxocariasis, anemia, eosinophilia, systemic visceral larva migrans

DOI: 10.3233/JPI-2010-0216

Citation: Journal of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 111-113, 2010

Article Type: Other

DOI: 10.3233/JPI-2010-0227

Citation: Journal of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 115-117, 2010